Children with cow's milk allergy following an elimination diet had normal growth but relatively low plasma leptin at age two

Dong, Ping; Feng, Jingjing; Yan, Dong‐yong; Lyu, Yu-jing; Xu, Xiu

doi:10.1111/apa.14283

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…All children were in the prepubertal period, which eliminated the puberty's influence on the concentration of tested adipokines. Overall, the sample size of 64 is comparable to the scope of other published studies on CMA in children [9,41,42]. Despite the mentioned limitations, we can report significant alterations in pro-inflammatory adipokine levels in children with CMA and their significant correlations with CRP and WBC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Previous studies investigating serum levels of proinflammatory adipokines in patients with cow's milk allergy are limited. Only two of them reported leptin and resistin levels in children with CMA [41,42]. Salmivesi et al [41] observed that serum leptin and resistin increased significantly while serum IgE decreased during six-month oral immunotherapy for CMA in school-aged children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salmivesi et al [41] observed that serum leptin and resistin increased significantly while serum IgE decreased during six-month oral immunotherapy for CMA in school-aged children. In turn, Dong et al [42] reported that children (aged two) with CMA who followed a milk-free diet since the first few months of life had lower (p < 0.05) serum leptin compared to healthy children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Inflammatory Markers in Children with Cow’s Milk Allergy Treated with a Milk-Free Diet

Ambroszkiewicz¹,

Gajewska²,

Chełchowska³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Background: The aim of the study was to establish whether the use of a strict milk-free diet in children with cow’s milk allergy, resulting in the resolution of clinical symptoms of the disease, also extinguishes the inflammatory reaction induced by the allergy. Methods: We examined 64 children (aged 3–6 years) with a diagnosed cow’s milk allergy who had been treated with an elimination diet for at least six months and showed remission of the disease’s clinical symptoms as a result of the treatment. The control group consisted of 30 healthy children of the same age following an unrestricted age-appropriate diet. Concentrations of cytokines, calprotectin, and adipokines (leptin, resistin, chemerin, neutrophilic lipocalin associated with gelatinase—NGAL) were determined in the serum samples obtained from the studied children by immunoenzymatic assays. Results: Patients with CMA had significantly higher median values of serum IL-6, TNF-α, resistin, chemerin and NGAL in comparison to the healthy children (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). Serum concentrations of IL-10, leptin, calprotectin and CRP as well as in WBC count were in the same range in both studied groups. We observed direct statistically significant correlations between levels of IL-10 and CRP (p = 0.005), IL-10 and WBC (p = 0.045), TNF-α and WBC (p = 0.038), calprotectin and WBC (p < 0.001), chemerin and CRP (p < 0.001) as well as between NGAL and WBC (p = 0.002) in children with CMA. Conclusion: The use of a strict milk-free diet by children with CMA, resulting in the resolution of clinical symptoms of the disease, does not seem to extinguish the inflammation induced by the allergy. The findings of this study—elevated IL-6, TNF-α, resistin, chemerin and NGAL levels in patients with CMA—suggest that these parameters seem to be involved in the generation of a low-grade proinflammatory environment observed in cow‘s milk allergy and could be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessment of Inflammatory Markers in Children with Cow’s Milk Allergy Treated with a Milk-Free Diet

Ambroszkiewicz¹,

Gajewska²,

Chełchowska³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 11 , 12 , 18 , 38 Placental leptin also contributes to enhanced placental nutrient transfer through its interleukin-6-like proinflammatory qualities. 48 The effect of PGH, hPL, and IGF-2 on enhancing substrate delivery demonstrates the impact of hormones on the materno-fetoplacental axis and their indirect regulation of fetal growth (Fig. 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 17 , 47 Higher leptin levels are positively correlated with resting energy expenditure, stimulating the metabolic rate and disfavoring hibernation. 46 , 48 The mediation of insulin’s anabolic actions, its interleukin-6 like proinflammatory qualities, and the stimulation of bone growth contribute to the growth-promoting effect of leptin in utero. 26 , 48 , 49 Leptin has emerged as an important modulator of immune function and is considered to be a critical link between energy balance and host defense responses to pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic-endocrine disruption due to preterm birth impacts growth, body composition, and neonatal outcome

et al. 2021

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Despite optimized nutrition, preterm-born infants grow slowly and tend to over-accrete body fat. We hypothesize that the premature dissociation of the maternal–placental–fetal unit disrupts the maintenance of physiological endocrine function in the fetus, which has severe consequences for postnatal development. This review highlights the endocrine interactions of the maternal–placental–fetal unit and the early perinatal period in both preterm and term infants. We report on hormonal levels (including tissue, thyroid, adrenal, pancreatic, pituitary, and placental hormones) and nutritional supply and their impact on infant body composition. The data suggest that the premature dissociation of the maternal–placental–fetal unit leads to a clinical picture similar to panhypopituitarism. Further, we describe how the premature withdrawal of the maternal–placental unit, neonatal morbidities, and perinatal stress can cause differences in the levels of growth-promoting hormones, particularly insulin-like growth factors (IGF). In combination with the endocrine disruption that occurs following dissociation of the maternal–placental–fetal unit, the premature adaptation to the extrauterine environment leads to early and fast accretion of fat mass in an immature body. In addition, we report on interventional studies that have aimed to compensate for hormonal deficiencies in infants born preterm through IGF therapy, resulting in improved neonatal morbidity and growth. Impact Preterm birth prematurely dissociates the maternal–placental–fetal unit and disrupts the metabolic-endocrine maintenance of the immature fetus with serious consequences for growth, body composition, and neonatal outcomes. The preterm metabolic-endocrine disruption induces symptoms resembling anterior pituitary failure (panhypopituitarism) with low levels of IGF-1, excessive postnatal fat mass accretion, poor longitudinal growth, and failure to thrive. Appropriate gestational age-adapted nutrition alone seems insufficient for the achievement of optimal growth of preterm infants. Preliminary results from interventional studies show promising effects of early IGF-1 supplementation on postnatal development and neonatal outcomes.

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Growth and Nutritional Biomarkers in Brazilian Infants with Cow’s Milk Allergy at Diagnosis and 18-Month Follow-Up: A Prospective Cohort Study

Jardim-Botelho,

Martins,

Motta-Franco

et al. 2023

Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr

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Children with cow's milk allergy following an elimination diet had normal growth but relatively low plasma leptin at age two

Abstract: Children with CMA who followed an elimination diet could achieve a normal nutritional status, except for relatively lower plasma leptin levels, at the age of 2. Further studies with larger cohorts and research on the long-term consequences of these early differences are needed.

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Assessment of Inflammatory Markers in Children with Cow’s Milk Allergy Treated with a Milk-Free Diet

Assessment of Inflammatory Markers in Children with Cow’s Milk Allergy Treated with a Milk-Free Diet

Metabolic-endocrine disruption due to preterm birth impacts growth, body composition, and neonatal outcome

Growth and Nutritional Biomarkers in Brazilian Infants with Cow’s Milk Allergy at Diagnosis and 18-Month Follow-Up: A Prospective Cohort Study

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