Children With ADHD Are at Risk for a Broad Array of Adverse Adult Outcomes That Cross Functional Domains: Results From a Population-Based Birth Cohort Study

Harstad, Elizabeth; Katusic, Slavica K.; Sideridis, Georgios D.; Weaver, Amy L.; Voigt, Robert G.; Barbaresi, William J.

doi:10.1177/1087054720964578

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The important differences found in our study in social situation, educational level, source of income and personal security in life have earlier been described for mostly clinically referred women with ADHD ( Owens et al, 2017 ; Uchida et al, 2018 ). A population- based study reported recently that childhood ADHD is associated with adverse adult outcome in many areas which accords with the findings of the present study ( Harstad et al, 2022 ). We have not been able to find any previous study on psychosocial status with regard to highly functioning women with ASD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Girls With Social and/or Attention Deficit Re-Examined in Young Adulthood: Prospective Study of Diagnostic Stability, Daily Life Functioning and Social Situation

et al. 2023

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Objective: Investigate diagnostic stability, daily life functioning and social situation in women diagnosed with ADHD and/or ASD in childhood. Methods: Prospective 17 to 20-year follow-up study of 100 girls of whom 92 diagnosed in childhood with main DSM-IV ADHD or ASD, and 60 comparison girls. Ninety and 54 of these women were examined ( M = 27, 4 years old) with semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, close relatives were interviewed. Results: At follow-up, 89% of women with ADHD or ASD in childhood still met the criteria for either of these diagnoses. Very few women were “in remission.” In 34% the main diagnosis shifted from ADHD to ASD. Women with ADHD and ASD had significantly more disability and unfavorable social situation than comparison women. Conclusion: Women with ADHD and/or ASD in childhood had impairing problems 17 to 20 years later. Early ADHD changed to ASD in adulthood in some cases. Nearly all with ASD met criteria for ADHD as adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Girls With Social and/or Attention Deficit Re-Examined in Young Adulthood: Prospective Study of Diagnostic Stability, Daily Life Functioning and Social Situation

et al. 2023

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“…Their immediate impacts on education and childhood development lead to poorer outcomes later in life. For example, adults who were diagnosed with ADHD in childhood are less likely to graduate high school or pursue college or vocational training (Uchida et al, 2018), more likely to be fired or to be treated for alcohol or drug use (Harstad et al, 2022), and are also overrepresented in prison populations (Young et al, 2015). Contrary to the focal article, which states that the three types of neuroatypicality are "unrelated to overall cognitive ability" (p. 23), ASD and ADHD are related to lower cognitive abilities and intellectual functioning.…”

Section: Overemphasis On High-functioning Neuroatypical Outliersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting neurodiversity without perpetuating stereotypes or overlooking the complexity of neurodevelopmental disorders

Brown

Fisher²

2023

Ind. Organ. Psychol.

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We are highly concerned with the way in which LeFevre-Levy et al. (2023) characterize neurodiversity and neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and dyslexia in their focal article. In our opinion, the focal article is overly concerned with neurodiversity as a source of gifted outliers among the neuroatypical population. This framing perpetuates stereotypes of neuroatypical individuals that overemphasize claims of narrowly defined strengths associated with specific conditions (e.g., greater visuospatial ability among individuals with ASD). Not only are these conditions more complex and interrelated than characterized in the focal article, but the article also fails to fully acknowledge the serious challenges that these conditions pose for most neuroatypical individuals. We value the goal of increasing neurodiversity in the workplace but contend that this cannot truly be achieved without an accurate understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders and the diversity of challenges faced by many neuroatypical individuals. Complexity of neurodevelopmental disordersWe believe that the focal article presents an oversimplified view of neurodiversity and specifically the categorical clinical diagnoses of ASD, ADHD, and dyslexia. To be clear, there are additional neurodevelopmental conditions beyond those described by the focal article and the neurodiversity movement, but we focus on ASD, ADHD, and dyslexia given the scope of the focus article. These conditions are often treated as distinct entities by classification systems like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), but due to the complexity of brain development, there are high rates of comorbidity, within-disorder heterogeneity, and shared risk factors and etiologies between disorders (Clark et al., 2017;Hyman, 2010). For example, many adults with ASD experience a range of co-occurring conditions including schizophrenia spectrum disorders, mood and anxiety disorders, personality disorders, substance use disorders, and eating disorders among others. Approximately 1 in 4 adults with ASD are also diagnosed with ADHD (Lugo-Marin et al., 2019), and ADHD is also highly comorbid with disruptive behavior disorders as well as mood and anxiety disorders (Uchida et al., 2018). Likewise, individuals with dyslexia are also often diagnosed with ADHD or other speech and language disorders (Peterson & Pennington, 2015).These neurodevelopmental disorders may be more appropriately conceptualized as manifestations of underlying developmental brain dysfunction (Moreno-De-Luca et al., 2013). This conceptualization is consistent with the shared symptoms and highly comorbid clinical

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“…Longitudinal data have shown that early onset ADHD is consistently associated with emotional problems throughout childhood (Stern et al, 2020), and it exerts a significant impact on functioning during adulthood (Harstad et al, 2020). Cohort studies revealed hyperactive, impulsive, and inattention symptoms as risk factors for adult intimate partner violence (Buitelaar et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of Influential Factors in Susceptibility to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Preschool-Aged Children

et al. 2022

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder. Currently, increasing amounts of attention have been focused on the epidemiologic profiling of ADHD in children, viewed as a continuously distributed risk dimension throughout the whole lifespan. This study aimed to identify and characterize potential influential factors susceptible to ADHD-related symptoms among preschool-aged children. A comprehensive questionnaire was self-designed for both children and their parents or guardians and was distributed to 30 kindergartens from Beijing and Hebei, collecting potential influential factors in susceptibility to ADHD. ADHD was assessed by the Conner’s Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire (C-ASQ), and 7,938 children were analyzed. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and hierarchical degree of adjustment were used to control possible covariates. Five factors, namely, children’s secondhand smoking exposure, breastfeeding duration, sleep mode, maternal pregnancy smoking exposure, and parental self-rating for patience, were identified to be independently and significantly associated with ADHD susceptibility. Meanwhile, dose–response relationships were observed between breastfeeding duration, parental self-rating for patience, and ADHD-related symptoms. Finally, a nomogram model was created for predicting ADHD susceptibility based on significant and conventional attributes under each criterion.

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Children With ADHD Are at Risk for a Broad Array of Adverse Adult Outcomes That Cross Functional Domains: Results From a Population-Based Birth Cohort Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

Girls With Social and/or Attention Deficit Re-Examined in Young Adulthood: Prospective Study of Diagnostic Stability, Daily Life Functioning and Social Situation

Girls With Social and/or Attention Deficit Re-Examined in Young Adulthood: Prospective Study of Diagnostic Stability, Daily Life Functioning and Social Situation

Promoting neurodiversity without perpetuating stereotypes or overlooking the complexity of neurodevelopmental disorders

Identification and Characterization of Influential Factors in Susceptibility to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Preschool-Aged Children

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