Children's Stigmatization of Childhood Depression and ADHD: Magnitude and Demographic Variation in a National Sample

Walker, Janet; Coleman, Daniel; Lee, Jung‐Hee; Squire, Peter; Friesen, Barbara J.

doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318179961a

Cited by 132 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This may partially be due to the fact that children hold negative attributions about peers with ADHD (Swords, Heary, & Hennessy, 2011;Walker, Coleman, Lee, Squire, & Friesen, 2008). Walker and colleagues (2008) conducted a large-scale national survey to assess children's perceptions of peers with depression, ADHD, and asthma.…”

Section: Peer Relationship Difficulties Related To Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Peer Relationships and Friendships in Youth With ADHD

2013

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Objective: The purpose of this essay is to examine peer relationships in youth with ADHD and to review current peer functioning interventions. Method: The studies included in this review were identified using the following search terms: “attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,” “ADHD,” “peer relationships,” “friendships,” “social skills,” “intervention,” and “treatment.” Other than a few seminal studies published prior to 2000, studies included were published between 2000 and 2012. Results/Discussion: Background information regarding peer relationship difficulties and specific social skills deficits of youth with ADHD is reviewed and current social skills and friendship intervention programs are examined. Future directions also are provided.

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Section: Peer Relationship Difficulties Related To Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Peer Relationships and Friendships in Youth With ADHD

2013

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“…Walker et al reported on positive and negative attributions, social distance (willingness to have contact or engage with someone, with more desire for social distance indicating more stigma), and family attitudes towards a child with the vignette characteristics. 56 Respondents made more negative attributions about peers with mental disorders than asthma, particularly expectations of antisocial behavior or violence, expressed more desire for social distance, and perceived more negative family attitudes towards peers with mental disorders than asthma. 56 Coleman et al examined causal attributions and their correlation with social distance.…”

Section: Public Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…56 Respondents made more negative attributions about peers with mental disorders than asthma, particularly expectations of antisocial behavior or violence, expressed more desire for social distance, and perceived more negative family attitudes towards peers with mental disorders than asthma. 56 Coleman et al examined causal attributions and their correlation with social distance. Findings indicated that holding a belief that parenting, substance abuse, and low effort caused the condition were all strongly intercorrelated and moderately correlated with social distance.…”

Section: Public Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…50 Other measurement approaches to public stigma perception have utilized vignettes depicting persons with symptoms of various mental or physical disorders, combined with assessment of stigmatizing beliefs (prejudice, eg, perceived danger to self or others) and of stigmatizing actions (discrimination, eg, social distance, social regulation). [51][52][53][54][55][56] For a current relevant detailed example of this approach, please see the description of the etiology and effects of the stigma model used for the National Stigma Study -Children (see page 52). 53 …”

Section: Stigma Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of youth stigma perceptions. 54 Studies by Coleman et al 51 and Walker et al 56 were based on an online youth survey that assigned participants randomly to one of three vignettes depicting a child with depression, ADHD, or asthma. Walker et al reported on positive and negative attributions, social distance (willingness to have contact or engage with someone, with more desire for social distance indicating more stigma), and family attitudes towards a child with the vignette characteristics.…”

Section: Public Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stigmatization and self-perception of youth with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Bussing¹,

Mehta²

2013

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Increasing numbers of families must learn to manage their child's attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) through multimodal interventions that may include psychosocial, educational, and medication treatments. Like others with mental disorders, youth with ADHD face significant stigma in its various forms, including public (expressed as prejudice and discrimination), courtesy (stigma suffered by family members or associates of individuals with ADHD), and self-stigma (stigmatized individual's acceptance of negative views by others). Successful ADHD management requires awareness of stigma and of its potential adverse consequences on treatment initiation and persistence, but also calls for effective means to combat it. This review on stigmatization and self-perception of youth with ADHD first considers the current context of management and treatment options. Next, we appraise recent research in ADHD stigma measurement, identifying a dearth of validated tools and a need for additional instrument development, especially brief measures suitable for clinical encounters. The review then addresses studies of public stigma from the perspectives of youth and adults. A number of qualitative studies document the ubiquitous nature of public stigma experiences associated with ADHD from the perspectives of caregivers. Notably, impressions gathered in qualitative research are confirmed through quantitative studies of representative youth and adult samples, such as the National Stigma Study -Children, which report considerable stigmatization of ADHD by the general public. Unlike public stigma, courtesy stigma has not been examined through large-scale quantitative studies. However, courtesy stigma has been amply documented in qualitative research as a phenomenon experienced at various ecological levels, within the dyadic relationship with the affected child to interactions with immediate and extended family, community, and health and educational systems. Very limited research could be identified for self-stigma of youth affected by ADHD, with reports of lowered self-esteem in response to public stigma. General societal antistigma programs have been developed and implemented, consisting of three paradigms -protest, education, and contact -but insufficient guidance exists for ADHD treatment providers on how to combat stigma experienced by individual patients with ADHD and their families. Keywords: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, stigma, public stigma, courtesy stigma, self-stigma, treatment barriers Management issues in attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorderAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with childhood onset, characterized by severe and pervasive patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in more than one setting, and associated with significant functional impairment.1 Increasing numbers of families must learn to manage their child's ADHD, because this disorder is among the most commonly diagnosed neurobehavioral 2 An important aspec...

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