Children’s performance on Raven’s Coloured progressive matrices in Portugal: The Flynn effect

Carvalho, Irene P.; Costa, Ana; Silva, Sofia; Moreira, Bárbara; Moreira-Rosário, André; Guerra, António; Peixoto, Bruno; Delerue–Matos, Cristina; Sintra, Diana; Pestana, Diogo; Pinto, Edgar; Mendes, Francisca de Castro; Martins, Inês; Leite, João Costa; Caldas, J. Carlos; Fontoura, Manuel; Maia, Maria Luz; Queirós, Pedro; Moreira, Roxana; Leal, Sandra; Norberto, Sónia; Costa, Vera; Fernandes, Virgínia Cruz; Keating, Elisa; Azevedo, Luís Filipe; Calhau, Conceição

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2020.101485

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The IoGeneration project, of which this study is a part, assessed the iodine status and IQ of school-age children in three regions of northern Portugal (representing urban and rural, coastal and inland regions of the country) between December 2015 and May 2016 [ 23 , 25 ]. The methodology and population of the IoGeneration project have been described elsewhere [ 23 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugal

et al. 2022

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The goal of this work was to examine whether elevated iodine intake was associated with adverse effects on IQ among school-age children in Portugal. In a representative sample of children from the north of the country, IQ percentiles by age (assessed with Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices) were dichotomized to <50 (“below-average” IQs) and ≥50. Morning urine iodine concentrations, corrected for creatinine, were dichotomized to <250 µg/g and ≥250 µg/g, according to the European Commission/Scientific Committee on Food’s tolerable upper level of daily iodine intake for young children. Data were examined with Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and GLM univariate analysis. The sample (N = 1965) was classified as generally iodine-adequate (median urinary iodine concentration = 129 µg/L; median iodine-to-creatinine ratio = 126 µg/g) according to the WHO’s criteria. A greater proportion of children in the ≥250 µg/g group had below-average IQs, compared to children with less than 250 µg/g (p = 0.037), despite a sizable (though non-significant) proportion of children in the less-than-250 µg/g group also presenting below-average IQs, at the bottom of the iodine distribution (<50 µg/g). The proportion of below-average IQs increased with increasingly elevated iodine concentrations (p = 0.047). The association remained significant after the adjustment for confounders, with the elevated iodine group showing increased odds of having below-average IQs when compared with the non-elevated iodine group (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.11–2.17; p = 0.011). Consistently, the former group presented a lower mean IQ than the latter (p = 0.006). High iodine intake was associated with lower IQs even in a population classified as iodine-adequate. These results bear on child cognition and on initiatives involving iodine supplementation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugal

et al. 2022

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“…The sample in this study comes from private primary schools in Padang, and Padang has been selected because it is regarded as the most famous educational area in Sumatra Island, Indonesia. The sampling used a purposive random sampling technique, the total participant in this research were 23 students, who have aged 9 until 12 years old, and in this age range, the growth of creativity is about 50% to 70% [21], [22]. Students are in the concrete operational stage at this age level, in which they have the potential to think rationally, imaginatively and can consider more problemsolving objects or scenarios.…”

Section: ) Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

A New Robotic Learning Activity Design to Increase the Figural Creativity: Originality, Elaboration, Flexibility, and Fluency

Hendrik¹,

Ali²,

Nayan³

et al. 2022

International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology

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Preparing a generation that possesses the skill of Figural Creativity (FC) skills is important in education because figural creativity skills are needed in the industrial revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) era. Figural creativity skill is the ability to create something new, a new manner, and produce something different from its initial state in providing solutions to the problems faced. One of the IR 4.0 technologies that can improve creativity is robotic technology, but the implementation of robotic technology in education still requires an appropriate learning activity. This study aims to design the new robotic learning activities and analyze their implementation to increase Figural creativity variables. Figural creativity variables consist of four variables: elaboration, flexibility, fluency, and originality. A total of 23 students were recruited in a user study experiment, ages 9-12 years old. Figural creativity skill of students measured by Figural Creativity Test (TKF). This study used mix method approach. The results showed that the new robotic learning activity design could fulfill the valid criteria; expert suggestions are subject to fixing this learning activity. The new robotic learning activity design was implemented in the robotic course. The paired sample t-test showed that robotic learning activity design has a significant difference between pre-test score and post-test score, and it can improve students' elaboration, flexibility, fluency, and originality. It has a growing impact on all figural creativity variables (fluency = 60.9%, flexibility=56.6%, elaboration = 26.6%, originality =39.3%).

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Ongoing trends of human intelligence

Meisenberg¹,

Lynn²

2023

Intelligence

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Children’s performance on Raven’s Coloured progressive matrices in Portugal: The Flynn effect

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugal

Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugal

A New Robotic Learning Activity Design to Increase the Figural Creativity: Originality, Elaboration, Flexibility, and Fluency

Ongoing trends of human intelligence

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