Children’s judgments of interventions against norm violations: COVID-19 as a naturalistic case study

Lee, Young‐Eun; Marshall, Julia; Deutchman, Paul; McAuliffe, Katherine; Warneken, Felix

doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105452

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As approaches, via the use of stories or drawing, a greater level of insight was established. 21,47 Studies included in this review and our consultation with children also suggest that children's experiences with face masks are highly influenced by the settings in which they are used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unanticipated factors mentioned by children in the PPI suggest that children's experiences of mask‐wearing would be best elicited by an open‐ended research approach. Where studies were successful in engaging children directly with age‐appropriate approaches, via the use of stories or drawing, a greater level of insight was established 21,47 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, in the context of COVID‐19, some studies found that children were able to adapt to mask‐wearing relatively rapidly. In Lee et al, 47 even though norms surrounding mask‐wearing were introduced in the US only recently at the time of the study, young children appeared to apply their existing sociomoral reasoning abilities competently to the novel context of mask‐wearing. In Alvaro et al 21 and Assathiany et al 24 some children had become accustomed to wearing face masks and felt that they were part of their routine.…”

Section: Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Children's experiences of mask‐wearing: a systemic review and narrative synthesis

Preest,

Greenhalgh,

Farrier

et al. 2024

Evaluation Clinical Practice

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RationaleMasks have been widely used as a preventative tool during the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, the use of masks by children has been controversial, with international guidelines recommending a risk‐based approach to national policymakers.Aims and objectivesWe aimed to conduct a systematic review that explores children's experiences of mask‐wearing, drawing on an evidence base that describes mask‐wearing in different contexts including air pollution, and to prevent the spread of infectious disease.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO in June 2021, with repeat searches in August 2022 and January 2024, for primary research studies exploring children's experiences of masks. Included studies reported on participants between 4 and 14 years (inclusive), with no restrictions on language where an English translation was available. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and reviewed full texts, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for quality appraisal and narrative synthesis to identify key findings. We also conducted stakeholder consultation (Patient and Public Involvement (PPI)) with nine children, where they submitted annotated drawings of their preferred masks to complement our review findings.ResultsWe screened 982 titles and abstracts and reviewed 94 full texts. 45 studies were included in the synthesis. Children's experiences of mask‐wearing were influenced by their perceived necessity, social norms around their use and parental attitudes. Challenges related to mask‐wearing were described, including difficulty reading facial expressions and physical discomfort. Children found it easier to wear masks when sitting and in cooler environments, and they benefited from unmasking during outdoor break time at school. As part of the PPI consultation, children highlighted the importance of mask design and the environmental impact of masks.ConclusionChildren's experiences of mask‐wearing were varied and context‐dependent, with several mask‐design challenges raised. Future policy on mask‐wearing needs to consider the context in which mask‐wearing would be most beneficial, and how local adaptations to policy can respond to children's needs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Children's experiences of mask‐wearing: a systemic review and narrative synthesis

Preest,

Greenhalgh,

Farrier

et al. 2024

Evaluation Clinical Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Two developmental labs collected the data between December 2020 and July 2021 (Lab 1: 228 participants; Lab 2: 85 participants). Children who participated in the study also participated in different COVID‐19 studies immediately prior (Lab 1: Marshall et al., 2023; Lab 2: Lee et al., 2022). Neither of these other studies assessed children's COVID‐19 behaviour.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent and community political orientation predicts children's health behaviours

Gollwitzer,

Marshall,

Lee

et al. 2024

Euro J Social Psych

Self Cite

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Does political partisanship extend to childhood? To what degree are children, a largely non‐political population, impacted by parents’ and communities’ political orientations? We examined children's behaviours and attitudes during a politically divisive event – the COVID‐19 pandemic. Children (4‐ to 12‐year‐olds; N = 313) of liberal (vs. conservative) parents reported greater preventive COVID‐19 behaviours, such as mask wearing and physical distancing, and responded more positively to these health behaviours. At the community level, children living in Democratic‐voting (vs. Republican‐voting) U.S. counties more strongly endorsed preventive COVID‐19 behaviours. Political orientation was a better predictor than education, income, religiosity, population‐density, and infection rates. Mediation and moderation analyses revealed that the parent–child political link was driven by children's perceptions of their parents' guidance, behaviours, and concern about COVID‐19, and that this link was attenuated in Democratic‐ versus Republican‐voting counties. Political orientation appears to play an unexpectedly prominent role, both at the intimate family and broader community level, in determining children's behaviours and attitudes.

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Children’s judgments of interventions against norm violations: COVID-19 as a naturalistic case study

Cited by 2 publications

References 32 publications

Children's experiences of mask‐wearing: a systemic review and narrative synthesis

Children's experiences of mask‐wearing: a systemic review and narrative synthesis

Parent and community political orientation predicts children's health behaviours

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