Children's healthy and unhealthy beverage availability, purchase and consumption: A wearable camera study

Smith, Moira; Stanley, James; Signal, Louise; Barr, Michelle; Chambers, Tim; Balina, Alexis; Mhurchú, Cliona Ní; Wilson, Nick

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.11.004

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study internationally to use wearable cameras to document the nature and context of children’s food consumption throughout the day. Previous research on food consumption has been on adults [13], teenagers on the journey to school [15] or children’s drinks consumption [19]. The leadership of Tongan researcher, Viliami Puloka, and the collaboration with the Tongan government ensured the research was conducted in line with the needs and wishes of the Tongan community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What research there is uses self-report measures [9,10], which are prone to limitations such as recall bias and desirability bias [9,11,12]. However, recent studies in the United Kingdom and New Zealand have used wearable cameras to objectively capture the nature and context of food consumption [13,14,15,16,17,18,19], though no studies have explored food consumption in children younger than 13. Wearable cameras provide an effective method to assess food consumption, especially along with 24-h diet recall [14,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Me’akai in Tonga: Exploring the Nature and Context of the Food Tongan Children Eat in Ha’apai Using Wearable Cameras

Veatupu

Puloka

Smith

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Unhealthy food consumption is a key driver of the global pandemic in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The Government of Tonga has prioritised NCD prevention due to the very high rates of NCDs in the Kingdom. This research examines the nature and context of the me’akai (food) consumed by Tongan children in Ha’apai using wearable cameras. Thirty-six randomly selected 11-year-old children used wearable cameras to record their lives for three days, as part of the wider Kids’Cam Tonga project. Images were analysed to assess the participants’ food consumption according to a new data analysis protocol for Tonga. Core foods were defined as including breads and cereals, fresh fruit, vegetables, meat and alternatives, and staple vegetables. Non-core food types included confectionery, unhealthy snack foods, edible ices, and processed meat. Tongan researchers led the research in partnership with the Government of Tonga. Overall, children were observed to have consumed a mean of 4.5 (95% CI 3.3, 6.7) non-core and 2.3 (95% CI 1.8, 2.9) core foods per 10 h day, excluding mixed meals. Unhealthy snack foods, confectionary, and cookies, cakes, and desserts were the most commonly consumed non-core foods, and fresh fruit was the most frequently consumed core food. Snacking was the most frequent eating episode observed, with children snacking on non-core foods four times a day (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.5 to 6.2) compared to 1.8 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.6) core food snacks per day. Most commonly, children were observed eating at home, at school, and on the road while out walking. The most common sources of food were the home, other children, and the supermarket. On average, children consumed one purchased product per day, almost all (90%) of which were non-core. Children were also observed eating an average of just less than one mixed meal per day. Less than half (45.2%) of all mixed meals observed were traditional foods. This research illustrates the presence, and likely dominance, of energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods in the diet of these Tongan children. It highlights a transition from a traditional diet and suggests that these children live in an obesogenic environment, one that promotes obesity as a normal response to an abnormal environment. The findings support efforts by the Government of Tonga for the implementation of a healthy School Food Policy, junk food taxes, and initiatives to ban the importation of EDNP foods. This study has relevance for other Pacific Island nations and all nations concerned with addressing obesity and other diet-related NCDs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Me’akai in Tonga: Exploring the Nature and Context of the Food Tongan Children Eat in Ha’apai Using Wearable Cameras

Veatupu

Puloka

Smith

et al. 2019

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They have been used to document children's health behaviours related to the environment in which they live [27,28]. The innovative Kids'Cam New Zealand (NZ) study [29] has enabled objective analysis of the world in which children live, including the availability of drinks in children's lives [30] and children's exposure to food and alcohol marketing [31,32]. The FoodSee methodology was developed to analyse people's interaction with the in-store food environment [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kids in a Candy Store: An Objective Analysis of Children’s Interactions with Food in Convenience Stores

et al. 2020

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Increasing rates of childhood obesity worldwide has focused attention on the obesogenic food environment. This paper reports an analysis of children’s interactions with food in convenience stores. Kids’Cam was a cross-sectional study conducted from July 2014 to June 2015 in New Zealand in which 168 randomly selected children aged 11–14 years old wore a wearable camera for a 4–day period. In this ancillary study, images from children who visited a convenience store were manually coded for food and drink availability. Twenty-two percent of children (n = 37) visited convenience stores on 62 occasions during the 4-day data collection period. Noncore items dominated the food and drinks available to children at a rate of 8.3 to 1 (means were 300 noncore and 36 core, respectively). The food and drinks marketed in-store were overwhelmingly noncore and promoted using accessible placement, price offers, product packaging, and signage. Most of the 70 items purchased by children were noncore foods or drinks (94.6%), and all of the purchased food or drink subsequently consumed was noncore. This research highlights convenience stores as a key source of unhealthy food and drink for children, and policies are needed to reduce the role of convenience stores in the obesogenic food environment.

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“…It might be that there is more room for improvement in water consumption in nonschool settings. Some studies have found that children are more likely to consume SSBs at nonschool settings such as home or recreation venues and on weekends . Similarly, Vargas‐Garcia et al found that lifestyle interventions in home settings achieved greater reductions in children's SSB consumption than those in school settings .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions to increase the consumption of water among children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of interventions to increase children's water consumption. A systematic literature search was conducted in seven electronic databases. Studies published in English before 18 February 2019 that evaluated any type of intervention that measured change in water consumption among children aged 2 to 12 years by applying any type of design were included. Of the 47 interventions included in the systematic review, 24 reported a statistically significant increase in water consumption. Twentyfour interventions (17 randomized controlled trials and seven studies with other controlled designs) were included in the meta-analysis. On average, children in intervention groups consumed 29 mL/d (confidence interval [CI] = 13-46 mL/d) more water than did children in control groups. This effect was larger in eight interventions focused specifically on diet (MD = 73 mL/d, CI = 20-126 mL/d) than in 16 interventions focused also on other lifestyle factors (MD = 15 mL/d, CI = 1-29 mL/d). Significant subgroup differences were also found by study setting and socioecological level targeted but not by children's age group, intervention strategy, or study design. In conclusion, there is evidence that, on average, lifestyle interventions can lead to small increases in children's daily water consumption. More research is needed to further understand the specific intervention elements that have the greatest effect. K E Y W O R D S children, clinical trial, meta-analysis, water

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Children's healthy and unhealthy beverage availability, purchase and consumption: A wearable camera study

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Me’akai in Tonga: Exploring the Nature and Context of the Food Tongan Children Eat in Ha’apai Using Wearable Cameras

Me’akai in Tonga: Exploring the Nature and Context of the Food Tongan Children Eat in Ha’apai Using Wearable Cameras

Kids in a Candy Store: An Objective Analysis of Children’s Interactions with Food in Convenience Stores

Interventions to increase the consumption of water among children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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