Children's coordination of force output in a pinch grip task

Deutsch, Katherine M.; Newell, Karl M.

doi:10.1002/dev.10051

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This indicates consistent agerelated improvements of TD children's isometric control of finger force/torque in all tasks. Similar findings have been reported in previous studies with finger pressing tasks [7;18;27] and pinching tasks [8][9][10].…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of kinetic redundancy on hand digit control in children with DCD

Oliveira¹,

Shim²,

Loss³

et al. 2006

Neuroscience Letters

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We investigated finger strength and the ability to control digit force/torque production in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) using manipulative tasks with different kinetic redundancies (KNR). Age-related changes in finger strength and finger force/torque control in typically developing (TD) children were also examined to provide a developmental landscape that allows a comparison with children with DCD. Forty-eight TD children (7-, 9-, and 11-year-olds) and sixteen 9-year-old children with DCD participated in the study. Three isometric tasks with different KNR were tested: constant index finger pressing force production (KNR=0), constant thumb-index finger pinching force production (KNR=1), and constant thumb-index finger torque production (KNR=5). Each subject performed two conditions for each isometric task: maximum voluntary force/torque production and constant force/torque control (40% of maximum force/torque). The results showed that the maximum force/torque production increased and the variability of constant force/torque control decreased with age in all tasks in TD children. Children with DCD showed larger variability than TD children in the constant thumb-index finger pinching torque production. These results suggest that children with DCD, as compared to TD children, are capable of producing the same level of maximum finger force, but have poor control in manipulation tasks with a large number of kinetic redundancies. Keywords motor redundancy; finger force control; development; children; DCD For successful achievement of everyday manipulative tasks, the central nervous system (CNS) is required to control digit-tip forces and moments. During a simple multi-digit prehension task, the hand provides an infinite number of digit-tip contact force and torque solutions available to achieve the motor task. This problem is commonly referred to as motor redundancy [5;28], which requires the CNS to find a solution from the many available kinetic variables. Previous studies have addressed the problem of motor redundancy in manipulative tasks of adults, specifically during prehension of hand-held objects [24;25;29]. However, far less attention has been drawn to how children solve the problem of motor redundancy and no studies have examined how children with motor difficulties such as those with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) [2] handle this problem.

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of kinetic redundancy on hand digit control in children with DCD

Oliveira¹,

Shim²,

Loss³

et al. 2006

Neuroscience Letters

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“…However, when participants were asked to control torque at different submaximum levels, there was greater motor response variability. these results concur with findings of previous studies for tasks involving finger-pressure strength control 26 , two-fingered prehension in pinch 14 and torque in lateral pinch 4,19 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…the following hypotheses were tested: a) the production of maximum torque in lateral pinch will be greater when the elbow joint is positioned at intermediate flexion levels (around 45º); b) the performance of torque control response in lateral pinch will be better at intermediate flexion level (around 45º); c) in finger pressure and two-fingered prehension tasks, force control response is better when tasks are performed at medium force levels (around 40% of maximum voluntary force) [14][15][16] ; for that purpose, different submaximum torque control levels were also manipulated with the expectation that constant and continuous torque control in lateral pinch would improve as torque levels were required at 40% of maximum torque.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efeito da posição da articulação do cotovelo no controle de torque de supinação do antebraço em jovens adultos

Borges¹,

Rodrigues²,

Loss³

et al. 2007

Rev. bras. fisioter.

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Background: large numbers of cases of pathological conditions in the forearm and elbow that have been reported in the literature are associated with tasks involving effort and repetitive movements of the arms and hands. Elbow position is known to affect the production of maximum forearm supination torque, and is a critical factor in designing appropriate therapeutic exercises. However, to our knowledge, there are no data on the effects of elbow position on tasks requiring control over submaximal torque levels. objective: this study investigated the effects of elbow position on the production of maximum isometric forearm supination torque, and on constant and continuous torque control at different submaximal torque levels. method: Sixteen young adults (24.7 ± 2.2 years old) were asked to perform two tasks: production of maximum lateral pinch torque (thumb and index finger) and controlled lateral pinch constant torque. Both tasks were evaluated at four different elbow positions (free position, 0°, 45° and 90° of elbow flexion) and three submaximal levels of lateral pinch torque production (20%, 40% and 60%). maximal torque, variability, irregularity and accuracy of the motor response were used as dependent variables. Results: greater torque values were found when the elbow joint was not restricted. the torque control tasks were not affected by the elbow position. However, greater variability and irregularity and lower accuracy in torque response were recorded with progressively increased submaximal torque levels. Conclusion: the results suggest that elbow position is not a determining factor for rehabilitation exercises that include torque control, in relation to forearm supination.

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“…In addition, the present results confirm earlier reports of age-related differences between school aged children's and adults' speech motor performance (Goffman & Smith, 1999;Green et al, 2000Green et al, , 2002Sharkey & Folkins, 1985;Smith & Goffman, 1998;Smith & McLean-Muse, 1986;Smith & Zelaznik, 2004;Walsh & Smith, 2002). We can view these results within the context of the two hypothetical sources of variability in children's motor performance from the limb motor control literature, neuromotor noise (Fitts, 1954;Schmidt et al, 1979;Smits-Engelsman & Van Galen, 1997;Yan et al, 2000) and short-term changes related to practice (Deutsch & Newell, 2002, 2004Engelhorn, 1988;FerrelChapus et al, 2002;Konczak et al, 2003;Lazarus et al, 1995;Manoel & Connolly, 1995;Takahashi et al, 2003;Thomas et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Although the concept of neuromotor noise has not been specifically invoked in earlier studies of speech motor control and coordination, interpretation of the data are consistent with the neuromotor noise concept (Sharkey & Folkins, 1985;Smith & McLean-Muse, 1986;Smith & Zelaznik, 2004;Walsh & Smith, 2002). Deutsch and Newell (2002, 2004 proposed another perspective on developmental motor control based upon their studies of the control of isometric grip. They argued that practice and the utilization of feedback allow children to reduce variability and adapt to task requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term plasticity in children's speech motor systems

2006

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Speech production is a highly skilled behavior that requires rapid and coordinated movements of the orofacial articulators. Previous studies of speech development have shown that children have more variable articulatory movements compared to adults, and cross-sectional studies have revealed that a gradual transition to more stable movement patterns occurs with age. The focus of the present investigation is on the potential role of short-term changes in speech motor performance related to practice. Thus we developed a paradigm to examine the influences of phonological complexity and practice on children (9 and 10-year-olds) and adults' production of novel nonwords. Using two indices that reflect the degree of trial-to-trial consistency of articulatory movements, we analyzed the first and last five productions of the novel nonwords. Both children and adults accurately produced the novel nonwords; however, children showed a practice effect; their last five trials were more consistently produced than their first five trials. Adults did not show this practice effect. This study provides new evidence that children show short-term changes in their speech coordinative patterns with practice. In addition, the present findings support the contribution of neuromotor noise or background, inherent variability to speech motor development.

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Children's coordination of force output in a pinch grip task

Cited by 40 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of kinetic redundancy on hand digit control in children with DCD

Effect of kinetic redundancy on hand digit control in children with DCD

Efeito da posição da articulação do cotovelo no controle de torque de supinação do antebraço em jovens adultos

Short-term plasticity in children's speech motor systems

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