Children's Adoption of Self-Reward Patterns: Incentive Level and Method of Transmission

A review of research on imitative behavior.

“…In a comparison of the strength of behavioral dispositions manifested under different incentive conditions, increased imitation is expected under successively stronger incentive conditions. The results of Bandura (196Sa), Hicks (196S), Liebert and Ora (1968), and Mischel and Grusec (1966) showed more imitation manifested under maximal than under minimal or moderate incentive conditions.…”

Effect of observer and model race on the imitation of standards of self-reward.

“…Standards of self-reward are among the many variables that have been shown to be subject to vicarious learning (e.g., Bandura & Kupers, 1964;Liebert & Ora, 1968). Liebert conducted a series of studies on the imitation of self-reward (e.g., Liebert & Ora, 1968) in which he employed a modified bowling game that depicted numerical scores associated with the bowling pins.…”

“…Standards of self-reward are among the many variables that have been shown to be subject to vicarious learning (e.g., Bandura & Kupers, 1964;Liebert & Ora, 1968). Liebert conducted a series of studies on the imitation of self-reward (e.g., Liebert & Ora, 1968) in which he employed a modified bowling game that depicted numerical scores associated with the bowling pins. Although the subjects in the Liebert studies probably inferred norms on the basis of the various scores, the present study was designed so that subjects would receive explicit normative information concerning performance on the task.…”