Children of Disaster in the Second Decade: A 17-Year Follow-up of Buffalo Creek Survivors

Green, Bonnie L.; Grace, Mary C.; Vary, Marshall G.; Kramer, Teresa L.; Gleser, Goldine C.; Leonard, Anthony

doi:10.1097/00004583-199401000-00011

Cited by 223 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The child and adolescent literature is scant with regard to the course of untreated postdisaster psychological sequelae. Green et al (1,24) found that the rate of PTSD among victims of the Buffalo Creek flood after 17 years was less than that found 2 years after the disaster. Shaw et al (25) reported that posttraumatic symptoms remained relatively high throughout the school year after Hurricane Andrew.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome of psychotherapy among early adolescents after trauma

1997

AJP

301

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O n December 7, 1988, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.9 on the Richter scale struck Armenia (population 3.5 million). It caused the destruction of four cities and 350 villages and killed at least 25,000 people in a region populated by approximately 550,000 people. The second largest city of Armenia, Gumri, was 20 miles from the epicenter. At least 18,000 people (7% of the city's total population) were killed in this city. Approximately 50% of the buildings in Gumri were destroyed. The earthquake occurred late in the morning when children and adolescents were in school. Nearly all of the children experienced extreme direct threats to their life and were exposed to horrifying sights and sounds during the earthquake and for several days thereafter.The literature indicates that there can be serious and long-lasting psychiatric consequences among children and adolescents after natural and man-made disasters (1-3). Our previous studies in Armenia have documented severe posttraumatic reactions and high rates of comorbid depression 1 1 ⁄2 years after the earthquake among children and adolescents in cities that were close to the epicenter (4, 5). The severity of their symptoms was attributable to extreme disaster-related experiences during, and in the aftermath of, the earthquake. Such findings indicate the need for provision of mental health services.To date, there is a paucity of controlled treatment outcome studies in children or adolescents after disasters (6, 7). After the 1980 earthquake in Italy, Galante and Foa used monthly structured classroom interventions over 1 academic year and reported a reduction in earthquake-related fears (8). This study did not specifically measure posttraumatic stress or depressive reactions. Yule (2) reported results of cognitive-behavioral treatment among girls after the sinking of the cruise ship Jupiter. After 5-9 months, the group who received treatment had lower scores on the Impact of Event Scale and on a fear survey. These findings would have been more definitive had the baseline scores for subjects not given treatment been included in a treatment-by-time interaction analysis.The Psychiatric Outreach Program of the Armenian

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome of psychotherapy among early adolescents after trauma

1997

AJP

301

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“…A wide range of potential types of exposure has been studied. Importantly, the risk of PTSD has been repeatedly shown to be associated with severity of exposure to the disaster across numerous studies (Durham et al 1985;Green et al 1990Green et al , 1994Abenhaim et al 1992;Joseph et al 1994;Tyano et al 1996;Cwikel et al 2000;Tucker et al 2000;Sungur & Kaya, 2001;Galea et al 2002;Neria et al 2006c). As we already noted above, the prevalence of PTSD is higher among persons who were directly exposed to the disaster (often referred as the 'victims' of a disaster in disaster studies), lower among rescue workers and first responders, and yet even lower in the general population.…”

Section: Classification Of Disastersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: a systematic review

2007

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“…Houston et al (2008) found an interaction between cannabis use, childhood sexual abuse, and adult non-affective psychosis. Several previous studies have followed the childhood survivors of natural disasters into adulthood (Green et al, 1994;Yule et al, 2000;Bolton et al, 2000;Morgan et al, 2003), but none of these studies have investigated the prevalence of SPE in the survivors when they reach adulthood. Further, none have included control subjects recruited during childhood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychotic symptoms in young adults exposed to childhood trauma—A 20year follow-up study

Galletly

Hooff

McFarlane

2011

Schizophrenia Research

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Childhood adversity has been shown to increase the risk of psychotic symptoms in adult life.However, there are no previous studies looking at the association between experiencing a natural disaster during childhood and the development of psychotic symptoms in young adulthood.Eight hundred and six bushfire-exposed children and 725 control children were evaluated following the 1983 South Australian bushfires. Five hundred and twenty nine (65.6%) of the bushfire group and 464 (64%) controls participated in a follow up study 20 years later.Childhood data on emotional and behavioural disorders and dysfunctional parenting was available. The adult assessment included the Australian National Health and Well-Being psychosis screen and detailed information about trauma, childhood adversity and alcohol and cannabis abuse.5.6% of subjects responded positively to the psychosis screen and 2.6% responded positively to a further probe question. Psychotic symptoms were more common in subjects exposed to a greater number of traumas, and were associated with higher rates of childhood adversity, emotional and behavioural disturbance, dysfunctional parenting, and alcohol and cannabis abuse. Subjects exposed to bushfires as children did not have a greater risk of psychosis. Our results indicate that exposure to multiple traumas, rather than a single major trauma, increases the risk of later psychosis.

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Children of Disaster in the Second Decade: A 17-Year Follow-up of Buffalo Creek Survivors

Cited by 223 publications

References 25 publications

Outcome of psychotherapy among early adolescents after trauma

Outcome of psychotherapy among early adolescents after trauma

Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: a systematic review

Psychotic symptoms in young adults exposed to childhood trauma—A 20year follow-up study

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