Children flexibly compare their confidence within and across perceptual domains.

Baer, Carolyn; Odic, Darko

doi:10.1037/dev0001100

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although our findings are not what we expected given previously reported correlations between self and other tasks, they are consistent with other recent evidence against an SDT account of confidence judgments. For example, using the same relative confidence task in 6-9-year-olds, Baer et al (2018) reported correlations between confidence tasks that use independent representations, which should be uncorrelated according to pure SDT principles (and see Baer & Odic, 2020a). In the Supplemental Material, we partially replicate this finding using data from Experiment 1: area and number confidence judgments were correlated, but neither correlated with emotion confidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…We modified the Confidence Task so that rather than making prospective judgments about their success, children evaluated their confidence retrospectively (Baer & Odic, 2019, 2020a. Like before, children saw four warm-up trials of the 'blobs game' (area discriminations) before being introduced to the confidence portion of the task.…”

Section: Confidence Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in the studies reported here, we set out to test these two predictions: (1) whether there are strong correlations between detecting accuracy in the self and others when given access to the same task (and not when using an unrelated task), and (2) whether these correlations are eliminated when controlling for individual differences in the imprecision of decisions in that task. We chose to use a task tapping into children's perception of area, an early-developing ability used previously in metacognitive tasks (Baer & Odic, 2020a;Baer et al, 2018;Salles et al, 2016). This task allows us to experimentally manipulate the imprecision of the decision by making the shapes close in size (harder, more imprecision) or disparate (easier, less imprecision), something much harder to achieve in the memory tasks used in past work.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Are children’s judgments of another’s accuracy linked to their metacognitive confidence judgments?

Baer

Malik

Odic

2021

Metacognition Learning

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The world can be a confusing place, which leads to a significant challenge: how do we figure out what is true? To accomplish this, children possess two relevant skills: reasoning about the likelihood of their own accuracy (metacognitive confidence) and reasoning about the likelihood of others’ accuracy (mindreading). Guided by Signal Detection Theory and Simulation Theory, we examine whether these two self- and other-oriented skills are one in the same, relying on a single cognitive process. Specifically, Signal Detection Theory proposes that confidence in a decision is purely derived from the imprecision of that decision, predicting a tight correlation between decision accuracy and confidence. Simulation Theory further proposes that children attribute their own cognitive experience to others when reasoning socially. Together, these theories predict that children’s self and other reasoning should be highly correlated and dependent on decision accuracy. In four studies (N = 374), children aged 4–7 completed a confidence reasoning task and selective social learning task each designed to eliminate confounding language and response biases, enabling us to isolate the unique correlation between self and other reasoning. However, in three of the four studies, we did not find that individual differences on the two tasks correlated, nor that decision accuracy explained performance. These findings suggest self and other reasoning are either independent in childhood, or the result of a single process that operates differently for self and others.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Confidence Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are children’s judgments of another’s accuracy linked to their metacognitive confidence judgments?

Baer

Malik

Odic

2021

Metacognition Learning

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“…Guggenmos et al, 2016;Hainguerlot et al, 2018). Furthermore, confidence, typically defined as the subjective probability of being correct, may constitute a common currency with which distinct perceptual decisions or tasks can be compared (de Gardelle & Mamassian, 2014;de Gardelle et al, 2016;Baer & Odic, 2020) and prioritized within a single individual (e.g. Aguilar-Lleyda et al, 2020;Carlebach & for global evaluations of performance has also been found in other types of tasks, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From local to global estimations of confidence in perceptual decisions

Cavalan¹,

Gardelle²,

Vergnaud³

2023

Preprint

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Perceptual confidence has been an important topic recently. However, one key limitation in current approaches is that most studies have focused on confidence judgments made for single decisions. In three experiments, we investigate how these local confidence judgments relate and contribute to global confidence judgments, by which observers summarize their performance over a series of perceptual decisions. We report two main results. First, we find that participants exhibit more overconfidence in their local than in their global judgments of performance, an observation mirroring the aggregation effect in knowledge-based decisions. We further show that this effect is specific to confidence judgments and does not reflect a calculation bias. Second, we document a novel effect by which participants’ global confidence is larger for sets which are more heterogeneous in terms of difficulty, even when actual performance is controlled for. Surprisingly, we find that this effect of variability also occurs at the level of local confidence judgments, in a manner that fully explains the effect at the global level. Overall, our results indicate that global confidence is based on local confidence, although these two processes can be partially dissociated. We discuss possible theoretical accounts to relate and empirical investigations of how observers develop and use a global sense of perceptual confidence.

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“…Generality and specificity of metacognitive mechanisms, respectively, is then evaluated based on the shared variance in metacognitive performance (i.e., the capacity to estimate the accuracy of task performance) that is observed across tasks. Only few studies have addressed the question more directly by comparing confidence judgments not only within tasks but also across tasks (e.g., Baer & Odic, 2020 ; de Gardelle, Le Corre, & Mamassian, 2016 ; de Gardelle & Mamassian, 2014 ). Despite these different approaches, findings mainly point toward a common metacognitive mechanism—at least within the perceptual domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-modal metacognition: Visual and tactile confidence share a common scale

et al. 2023

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Humans can judge the quality of their perceptual decisions—an ability known as perceptual confidence. Previous work suggested that confidence can be evaluated on an abstract scale that can be sensory modality-independent or even domain-general. However, evidence is still scarce on whether confidence judgments can be directly made across visual and tactile decisions. Here, we investigated in a sample of 56 adults whether visual and tactile confidence share a common scale by measuring visual contrast and vibrotactile discrimination thresholds in a confidence-forced choice paradigm. Confidence judgments were made about the correctness of the perceptual decision between two trials involving either the same or different modalities. To estimate confidence efficiency, we compared discrimination thresholds obtained from all trials to those from trials judged to be relatively more confident. We found evidence for metaperception because higher confidence was associated with better perceptual performance in both modalities. Importantly, participants were able to judge their confidence across modalities without any costs in metaperceptual sensitivity and only minor changes in response times compared to unimodal confidence judgments. In addition, we were able to predict cross-modal confidence well from unimodal judgments. In conclusion, our findings show that perceptual confidence is computed on an abstract scale and that it can assess the quality of our decisions across sensory modalities.

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Children flexibly compare their confidence within and across perceptual domains.

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Are children’s judgments of another’s accuracy linked to their metacognitive confidence judgments?

Are children’s judgments of another’s accuracy linked to their metacognitive confidence judgments?

From local to global estimations of confidence in perceptual decisions

Cross-modal metacognition: Visual and tactile confidence share a common scale

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