Children born at medical risk: factors affecting vulnerability and resilience

O'Dougherty, Margaret; Wright, Francis S.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511752872.009

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A closer analysis often provides clues to the processes accounting for the overall risk of the group. In the case of prematurity, knowing details about intracranial bleeding or delivery complications may not only improve prediction about outcomes but also lead to better understanding of the actual processes producing the risk (O'Dougherty & Wright, 1990 ) . It soon became apparent that risk factors rarely occur in isolation.…”

Section: Key Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience Processes in Development: Four Waves of Research on Positive Adaptation in the Context of Adversity

Wright

Masten

Narayan

2012

Handbook of Resilience in Children

546

457

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2How do children and adolescents "make it" when their development is threatened by poverty, neglect, maltreatment, war, violence, or exposure to oppression, racism, and discrimination? What protects them when their parents are disabled by substance abuse, mental illness, or serious physical illness? How do we explain the phenomenon of resilience-children succeeding in spite of serious challenges to their development-and put this knowledge to work for the bene fi t of children and society? The scienti fi c study of resilience emerged around 1970 when a group of pioneering researchers began to notice the phenomenon of positive adaptation among subgroups of children who were considered "at risk" for developing later psychopathology (Masten, 2001(Masten, , 2012 .The resilience research pioneers led a revolution in thinking about the origins and treatment of psychopathology. The primary focus of earlier clinical research on children at high risk for psychopathology had been either to observe the consequences of adversity or the unfolding of risk processes accounting for the etiology of disorders. Research efforts were directed towards understanding pathology and de fi cits, rather than on how problems were averted, resolved, or transcended. The fi eld of mental health at the time was dominated by psychoanalytic theory and a disease-oriented biomedical model that located the source of illness within the individual. However, the fi rst investigators to explore the phenomenon of resilience realized that models based primarily on predicting psychopathology were limited in scope and usefulness, providing little understanding of how good outcomes were achieved by many of the children identi fi ed as "at risk." Such information was vital to the goal of intervening to improve the odds of good developmental outcomes among children at risk. One of the great contributions of the early investigators was their recognition and championing of the idea that understanding positive developmental pathways in the context of adversity is fundamentally important for preventing and treating problems, particularly among children at risk for psychopathology.The study of resilience has advanced in four major waves of research. In this chapter we highlight the concepts and fi ndings resulting from these waves to date, as they have shaped an emerging resilience framework for research and practice. The fi rst wave of work yielded good descriptions of resilience phenomena, along with basic concepts and methodologies, and focused on the individual. The second wave yielded a more dynamic accounting of resilience, adopting a developmental systems approach to theory and research on positive adaptation in the context of adversity or risk, and focused on the transactions among individuals and the many systems in which their development is embedded. The third wave focused on creating resilience by intervention

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Section: Key Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience Processes in Development: Four Waves of Research on Positive Adaptation in the Context of Adversity

Wright

Masten

Narayan

2012

Handbook of Resilience in Children

546

457

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Some students will be at risk because of medical or biological issues (e.g. prematurity, illness, genetic conditions) [1]. Others are at risk because of environmental factors (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schoolwork task performance of students at risk of delays

Fisher¹,

Duran²

2004

Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy

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Fisher AG, Duran GA. Schoolwork task performance of students at risk of delays. Scand J Occup Ther 2004; 11: 191 Á/198.The purpose of this study was to determine whether students at risk differ from typically developing students in terms of their abilities to perform schoolwork tasks. The participants were 95 typically developing students and 84 students at risk from the School AMPS database who had been evaluated using the School Version of the Assessment or Motor and Process Skills (School AMPS) by calibrated reliable raters. The students were divided into five age groups as follows: 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 to 12 years of age. Two-way ANOVAs and post hoc t -tests revealed significant differences between the 7-year and 9-to 12-year groups for school motor ability and between all groups 6 years and older for school process ability. Effects sizes for students 6 years and above were medium to large. These results indicate that there is a difference in schoolwork task performance between at risk and typically developing students, 6 to 12 years of age. This difference emerged earlier than did academic discrepancies reported in the literature. The findings suggest that occupational therapy services delivered at an early age may be indicated for students at risk of developing delays and/or poor school performance who often do not receive such services.

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“…Furthermore, in future studies of infants in paediatric care and at biosocial risk, maternal sensitivity and the quality of attachment need to be included (Koops, Hoeksma, & van den Boom, 1997;O'Dougherty & Wright, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic illness and aggressive behaviour: A population-based study of 4-year-olds

Borge

et al. 2004

European Journal of Developmental Psychology

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Children born at medical risk: factors affecting vulnerability and resilience

Cited by 6 publications

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Resilience Processes in Development: Four Waves of Research on Positive Adaptation in the Context of Adversity

Resilience Processes in Development: Four Waves of Research on Positive Adaptation in the Context of Adversity

Schoolwork task performance of students at risk of delays

Chronic illness and aggressive behaviour: A population-based study of 4-year-olds

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