Children at risk of diabetes type 1. Treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine plus nicotinamide – Case reports

Fernandez, Ivana Cristina; Camberos, María del Carmen; Passicot, Gisel Anabel; Martucci, Lucia; Cresto, Juan C.

doi:10.1515/jpem-2012-0128

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Taking a nicotinamide supplement, whether NR or NMN, at a high dose is not currently recommended until safety is established. However, with other regimens to improve ‘healthiness’ of NAD + metabolism, it might be useful, as shown in a recent case report that acetyl‐L‐carnitine and nicotinamide treatment could prevent the development of type 1 diabetes 148 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) metabolism in diabetes and diabetic tissues: Implications for nicotinamide‐related compound treatment

Cacicedo

Ido

2020

J of Diabetes Invest

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One of the biochemical abnormalities found in diabetic tissues is a decrease in the cytosolic oxidized to reduced forms of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ratio (NAD + /NADH also known as pseudohypoxia) caused by oxidation of excessive substrates (glucose through the polyol pathway, free fatty acids and lactate). Subsequently, a decline in NAD + levels as a result of the activation of poly adenine nucleotide diphosphate‐ribose polymerase (mainly in type 1 diabetes) or the inhibition of adenine nucleotide monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (in type 2 diabetes). Thus, replenishment of NAD + levels by nicotinamide‐related compounds could be beneficial. However, these compounds also increase nicotinamide catabolites that cause oxidative stress. This is particularly troublesome for patients with diabetes, because they have impaired nicotinamide salvage pathway reactions at the level of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, which occurs by the following mechanisms. First, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthesis from pentose phosphate pathway is compromised by a decrease in plasma thiamine and transketolase activity. Second, nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase expression is decreased because of reduced adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase activity, which occurs in type 2 diabetes. The adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase inhibition is caused by an activation of protein kinase C and D1 as a result of enhanced diacylglycerol synthesis caused by pseudohypoxia and increased fatty acids levels. In this regard, nicotinamide‐related compounds should be given with caution to treat diabetes. To minimize the risk and maximize the benefit, nicotinamide‐related compounds should be taken with insulin sensitizers (for type 2 diabetes), polyphenols, benfotiamine, acetyl‐L‐carnitine and aldose reductase inhibitors. The efficacy of these regimens can be monitored by measuring serum NAD + and urinary nicotinamide catabolites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) metabolism in diabetes and diabetic tissues: Implications for nicotinamide‐related compound treatment

Cacicedo

Ido

2020

J of Diabetes Invest

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“…The selections of these children were described in a previous work [5]. Briefly, all children were consanguineous of type 1 diabetic patients, and were positive for one or more auto-antibodies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then we will present the results in a group of children treated during 5 years with acetyl-Lcarnitine plus nicotinamide. It is worth highlighting that a previous communication after short period of treatment has been published [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetyl-L-Carnitine and Nicotinamide for Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes. I-Literature Review which Gave Support to the Treatment. II-Case Report, Evaluation of Five Years Treatment

Tonietti¹

2015

Immunome Res

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Acylcarnitines: Nomenclature, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Potential, Drug Targets, and Clinical Trials

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Children at risk of diabetes type 1. Treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine plus nicotinamide – Case reports

Abstract: In children at risk, this treatment delays the development or remits the evolution of type 1 diabetes.

Cited by 5 publications

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Impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) metabolism in diabetes and diabetic tissues: Implications for nicotinamide‐related compound treatment

Impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) metabolism in diabetes and diabetic tissues: Implications for nicotinamide‐related compound treatment

Acetyl-L-Carnitine and Nicotinamide for Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes. I-Literature Review which Gave Support to the Treatment. II-Case Report, Evaluation of Five Years Treatment

Acylcarnitines: Nomenclature, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Potential, Drug Targets, and Clinical Trials

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Children at risk of diabetes type 1. Treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine plus nicotinamide – Case reports

Abstract: In children at risk, this treatment delays the development or remits the evolution of type 1 diabetes.

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism in diabetes and diabetic tissues: Implications for nicotinamide‐related compound treatment

Impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism in diabetes and diabetic tissues: Implications for nicotinamide‐related compound treatment

Acetyl-L-Carnitine and Nicotinamide for Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes. I-Literature Review which Gave Support to the Treatment. II-Case Report, Evaluation of Five Years Treatment

Acylcarnitines: Nomenclature, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Potential, Drug Targets, and Clinical Trials

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Product

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Impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) metabolism in diabetes and diabetic tissues: Implications for nicotinamide‐related compound treatment

Impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) metabolism in diabetes and diabetic tissues: Implications for nicotinamide‐related compound treatment