Children and youth with myelomeningocele’s independence in managing clean intermittent catheterization in familiar settings

Abstract

Interviews were not sufficiently accurate to assess independence in the toilet activity. Instead, observations including time to completion are recommended. The execution of the toilet activity is influenced by the environmental context.

Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities

“…Both lower levels are needed to learn the highest level: time management (25). There is also evidence to support the relation of time-processing ability to everyday functioning including managing one's time (23,26).…”

Children with myelomeningocele and independence in the toilet activity: A pilot study

“…It is shown that time perception influences the possibility for independence and participation (13). The observation of 50 children with MMC also showed that time orientation was most often normal but time perception and time management lowered compared with peers of the same ages (12). It is obvious that toilet procedures with CIC and TRI (trans-rectal irrigation) are more time-consuming compared with how long healthy children spend at the toilet.…”

“…Half of the children were independent but far from what might be expected in relation to age and cognitive and physical status of the child (12). It is shown that time perception influences the possibility for independence and participation (13).…”

“…In a running project concerning children with MMC and independence at the toilet an extra finding was that children using CIC and TRI are spending approximately 7.5 hours more per week at the toilet (unpublished data). Time perception in general and time to perform the toilet activity proved predictive of the child's independence (12).…”

“…The present study will deal with acquired knowledge about how the disabled child can be given support in order to increase control of his/her own life by a higher degree of participation (3,12,14). The knowledge of various factors that influence independence in the toilet activity will also be considered (10,14,15).…”