Childlessness and fertility by couples' educational gender (in)equality in Austria, Bulgaria, and France

Osiewalska, Beata

doi:10.4054/demres.2017.37.12

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Moreover, childlessness is more common among 40-year-old men (29%) than among women (22%), respondents with higher educational attainment (29% among persons with Abitur or equivalent certificate vs 22% for the lower educated) and those who were born in West Germany (28%) as compared to East Germany (22%) and abroad (17%). All these results are in line with previous findings-using different data sources-on childlessness in Germany (Kreyenfeld and Konietzka 2014), other European countries, and the USA (Baudin et al 2015;Kreyenfeld and Konietzka 2017a;Osiewalska 2017). A further descriptive inspection of the partnership information of the childless (results not shown) revealed that the highly educated spend more time without having a partner and less time in cohabitation and marriage.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

The Heterogeneity of Partnership Trajectories to Childlessness in Germany

Raab

Struffolino

2019

Eur J Population

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In recent decades, childlessness has increased across many European countries. In addition to socioeconomic characteristics, having a partner is considered a prerequisite in most fertility studies. Yet, still little is known about the partnership biographies of childless women and men. We assess the heterogeneity in the partnership trajectories of childless persons in Germany and explore compositional differences of partnership trajectories by gender and education. We use data from the German Family Panel to reconstruct partnership biographies reflecting the occurrence and frequency of different partnership states (singleness, living apart together, cohabitation, marriage). The sample comprises women and men born 1971-1973 whose life courses are observed from age 18-40. Applying sequence and cluster analysis, we identify five patterns of partnership trajectories: (1) 'Marriage' (14.6%); (2) 'Longterm cohabitation' (11.8%) with one partner; (3) 'Serial cohabitation' (15.6%); (4) 'LAT' (18.8%), long-term/multiple living-apart-together relationships; and (5) 'Single' (39.3%), long-term singleness. Men are overrepresented in the 'Single' cluster, especially if highly educated. Women are more often married and more likely to experience long-lasting singleness or multiple LAT episodes when being highly educated. We speculate that theories predicting high levels of childlessness in contexts where gender norms and work-family policies do not account for the increasing gender equality in education and labor force participation might also explain differences in the pathways leading to childlessness. Generally, our findings point at a more elaborate conceptualization of childlessness that moves away from a binary cross-sectional indicator and set the ground for future cross-national comparisons.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

The Heterogeneity of Partnership Trajectories to Childlessness in Germany

Raab

Struffolino

2019

Eur J Population

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“…Therefore, the relationship between the (in)equality in partners' education and fertility is ambiguous and very often depends on the country-specific context. In CEE a negative influence of educational hypogamy on couples' fertility has been previously found (Bauer and Jacob 2009;Osiewalska 2017a), while the impact of educational hypergamy has been found to be positive (Osiewalska 2017b). In NWE women more often receive support from their partners in household duties (Kan, Sullivan, and Gershuny 2011) and get adequate institutional help with childcare (Neyer 2003).…”

Section: Theoretical Framework and Research Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In NWE women more often receive support from their partners in household duties (Kan, Sullivan, and Gershuny 2011) and get adequate institutional help with childcare (Neyer 2003). Thus, the relationship between inequality in partners' educational levels and the number of children may be weaker (Liefbroer and Corijn 1999;Osiewalska 2017a). Based on these findings:…”

Section: Theoretical Framework and Research Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partners’ empowerment and fertility in ten European countries

Osiewalska¹

2018

DemRes

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OBJECTIVEThis study aims to investigate the relationship between couples' reproductive behaviour and the division of power between partners in different country-specific contexts. METHODSPower relations are measured by four types of inequality between partners: partners' educational levels, ages, paid labour, and unpaid labour. The first wave of Generations and Gender data for ten European countries is used. Parents and childless couples are considered using the hurdle Poisson model. RESULTSMale empowerment (male power advantage induced by higher educational level, being older, and doing less housework than the female partner) correlates with early childbearing and positively influences the number of children that couples of reproductive age have across Europe. Female empowerment is associated with late childbearing, but only in Northern and Western Europe (NWE). For older couples who have completed reproduction, male empowerment is associated with a higher probability of parenthood in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and France; it also correlates with higher completed fertility in selected CEE countries. Female empowerment negatively correlates with the probability of parenthood across Europe. CONCLUSIONSIn NWE the number of children of equally empowered couples is similar to that of traditional, male-empowered unions, whereas in CEE equality correlates with lower fertility than male empowerment. This disparity is likely connected to different levels of gender equality and the various family policies in the two regions. CONTRIBUTIONThis paper identifies the impacts of various micro-level (in)equalities between partners on their fertility in different country-specific settings. It pays particular attention to the distinction between completed and as yet uncompleted fertility.

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“…Sobotka 2004, Mills et al 2011 a Ní Bhrolcháin a Beaujouan 2012), predlžovanie obdobia štúdia a nárast samotnej vzdelanostnej úrovne žien patria medzi najdôležitejšie faktory v procese transformácie plodnosti prejavujúce sa odkladaním rodenia detí. Veľký význam vzdelania pre časovanie rodenia detí má svoje opodstatnenie, keď si uvedomíme, ako dosiahnuté vzdelanie ovplyvňuje rodinné a reprodukčné správanie (Hoem et al 2006, Raymo et al 2015, Osiewalska 2017a Sobotka et al 2017.…”

Section: Vzdelanie žIen a Plodnosťunclassified

Vzdelanie žien a časovanie rodenia detí na Slovensku v priestorovej perspektíve

Šprocha¹,

Bačík²

2021

geogrcas

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Female education and the timing of childbirth in Slovakia in a spatial perspective The fertility postponement transition represents one of the most important aspects of changes in the reproductive behaviour in Slovakia after 1989. An important aspect of these changes is the extension of the study period and the increase of women's education. The main goal of this article was to analyze possible spatial differences of selected aspects of fertility timing in connection with the achieved education of women. The effort was also to point out possible changes between the two periodsthe beginning of the transformation process and the current state. The obtained results confirmed the considerable differentiation of the process of changes in the timing of fertility between individual educational groups. In the case of less educated women, we observe are witnessing a deepening age and spatial pluralization, the emergence of relatively significant spatial differences in the timing of fertility, while in the more educated persons we record are witnessing considerable age homogamy and fertility concentration.

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Childlessness and fertility by couples' educational gender (in)equality in Austria, Bulgaria, and France

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

The Heterogeneity of Partnership Trajectories to Childlessness in Germany

The Heterogeneity of Partnership Trajectories to Childlessness in Germany

Partners’ empowerment and fertility in ten European countries

Vzdelanie žien a časovanie rodenia detí na Slovensku v priestorovej perspektíve

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