This paper analyses the interactions amongst family, household and extended kin through an examination of t o circulations of children within rural Irish communities during the first half of the twentieth century: (1) the daily journey from home to school; (2) going to live with relatives other than parents. Drawing on life-history narratives, the article develops a new perspective on the stemfamily system in Ireland by showing how i co plete family households formed integral parts of local kinship circles a d ere deeply e gaged i the e eryday li es of co plete fa ily households, including the promotion of extended family survival and social mobility. The analysis shows how the circulations of children between households -on a daily basis and at different stages of the life course -contributed to the reproduction, and sometimes disruption, of community, kinship and class relationships. It shifts our focus away from the rules and structures emphasized within the literature on inheritance and household formation towards the everyday practices associated with enacting family and kinship processes in particular historical contexts. From this child s eye perspective we gain a new understanding of the landscape of family and community life in early to mid-twentieth century Ireland. We see how households were embedded in overlapping sets of kinship and community relationships that were precarious, in the sense that they had to be actively maintained, and were subject to disruption and change. We see also ho i co plete or failed family households formed integral parts of local kinship circles, and were deeply engaged in the everyday li es of co plete fa ily households, including the promotion of family survival and social mobility. Finally, the analysis shows the pervasiveness of multiple forms of inequality in rural communities, cross-cutting household, and neighbour and kinship ties.The article begins with a brief overview of the existing research on kinship, family and community in early twentieth century rural Ireland, placing it in the context of contemporary international scholarship, followed by a detailed discussion of the data on which the empirical analysis is based. The subsequent sections examine two different circulations of children and adolescents within the rural community. First, the everyday circulation of children from home to school demonstrates childre s roles i rei forci g -and sometimes threatening -kinship and neighbour relationships amongst households. Stories of the journey to and from school also provide an opportunity to discuss and address some of the challenges associated with using narrative life story data. Second, I examine accounts of children being sent to live with relatives in households other than their natal home. I argue that this circulation of children and adolescents formed part of a set of flexible, adaptive practices oriented towards preserving and supporting extended family groups, and in some cases towards improving family status by facilitating upward social mobili...