Childhood Victims of Snakebites: 2000–2013

Schulte, Joann; Domanski, Kristina; Smith, Eric; Menendez, A; Kleinschmidt, Kurt; Roth, Brett

doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0491

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…An analysis of 20 years of National Vital Statistics System data found three southern states—Texas, Florida, and Georgia—accounted for 44% of venomous snakebite deaths in the USA 2 40. In a pediatric snakebite registry review, most cases were reported in Texas, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, Arizona, and California 41. Concordantly, our data indicate that 82% of snakebites occurred in the South, 11% in the West, 7% in the Midwest, and 1% in the Northeast.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

The “T’s” of snakebite injury in the USA: fact or fiction?

Jaramillo

Hakes

Tennakoon

et al. 2019

Trauma Surg Acute Care Open

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BackgroundVenomous snakebites can result in serious morbidity and mortality. In the USA, the “T’s of snakebites” (testosterone, teasing, touching, trucks, tattoos & toothless (poverTy), Texas, tequila, teenagers, and tanks) originate from anecdotes used to colloquially highlight venomous snakebite risk factors. We performed an epidemiologic assessment of venomous snakebites in the USA with the objective of evaluating the validity of the “T’s of snakebites” at a national level.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of the National Emergency Department Sample. Data from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 were obtained. All emergency department (ED) encounters corresponding to a venomous snakebite injury were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes. Primary outcomes were mortality and inpatient admission. Demographic, injury, and hospital characteristics were assessed. Data were analyzed according to survey methodology. Weighted values are reported.ResultsIn 2016, 11 138 patients presented to an ED with a venomous snakebite. There were 4173 (37%) persons aged 18 to 44, and 7213 (65%) were male. Most snakebites were reported from the South (n=9079; 82%), although snakebites were reported from every region in the USA. Only 3792 (34%) snakebites occurred in rural counties. Persons in the lowest income quartile by zip code were the most heavily represented (n=4337; 39%). The most common site of injury was the distal upper extremity (n=4884; 44%). Multivariate analysis revealed that species of snake (OR=0.81; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.88) and older age (OR=1.42; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.87) were associated with hospital admission. There were <10 inpatient deaths identified, and no variables were predictive of death.DiscussionSome of the “T’s of snakebites” may be valid colloquial predictors of the risk for venomous snakebites. Based on national data, common demographics of venomous snakebite victims include lower income, Caucasian, and adult men in the South who are bit on the upper extremity. Understanding common demographics of venomous snakebite victims can effectuate targeted public health prevention messaging.Level of evidenceIV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

The “T’s” of snakebite injury in the USA: fact or fiction?

Jaramillo

Hakes

Tennakoon

et al. 2019

Trauma Surg Acute Care Open

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“…This correlates with various studies with higher incidence in males. This is consistent with various adult as well as pediatric studies with69% males in study by Sankar et al, 68% males by Schulte et al, 60.55% males and male to female ratio of 1.5:1 by Halesha B.R et al [7][8][9] . Lower extremity is the most commonly bitten site and is comparable to other studies around 70 to 80% 6,9-12 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Snake bite in Children: A retrospective study in a tertiary care centre in Southern India

Sivagami¹

2017

JMSCR

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“…Only Texas, Florida, and Georgia experienced higher call rates during this period. 21 However, PCC calls may represent an underestimation of the total number of statewide snakebites. A comparison of snakebite-related Missouri PCC calls and ED visit data found that only 18% of snakebite-related ED visits had a corresponding call to the state poison center.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%