Childhood vaccination against varicella: Persistence of antibody, duration of protection, and vaccine efficacy

Vessey, S. J. R.; Chan, Christina Y.; Kuter, Barbara J.; Kaplan, Karen M.; Waters, Marilyn; Kutzler, David P.; Carfagno, Patricia A.; Sadoff, Jerald C.; Heyse, Joseph F.; Matthews, Holly; Li, Shu; Chan, Ivan S. F.

doi:10.1067/mpd.2001.116051

Cited by 76 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is consistent with prior reports in uremic children [4,5]. This compares with historically reported seroconversion rates of 99% in healthy children receiving one dose of vaccine measured by the same assay [15,16,17]. After two doses of vaccine, we saw a 98% seroconversion rate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Varicella vaccination in children with chronic renal failure

et al. 2003

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Children with kidney disease are at risk for serious varicella-related complications. To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a two-dose regimen of varicella vaccine in children (aged 1-19 years) with chronic renal insufficiency and on dialysis, the Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group (SPNSG) undertook an open-label, multi-center, prospective 3-year clinical trial. Ninety-six patients without history of varicella were enrolled. Fifty (mean age 4.2 years) had no detectable varicella zoster virus (VZV) antibody; 98% seroconverted after the two-dose regimen. At 1, 2, and 3 years' follow-up, all patients studied maintained VZV antibody, including 16 who received a transplant. No significant vaccine-associated adverse events were seen. One subject developed mild varicella (10-50 maculopapular lesions) 16 months post transplant. In multivariate regression analysis, patients vaccinated after age 6 years had VZV antibody levels 73% (95% confidence interval 33%-89%) lower than patients vaccinated before age 6 years after controlling for gender, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and dialysis treatment. Adjusted analysis also showed that VZV antibody levels were lower after kidney transplantation, but this appeared to be a transient phenomenon. In this study, varicella vaccination with a two-dose regimen of varicella vaccine was generally well tolerated and highly immunogenic in children with chronic kidney disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Varicella vaccination in children with chronic renal failure

et al. 2003

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“…However, these responses sometimes fail to develop (primary vaccine failure) or are less robust than those following varicella (Michalik et al 2008), and thus approximately 15% of vaccinees develop a mild form of varicella ("breakthrough" disease) after exposure to varicella (White et al 1992;Vessey et al 2001). Typical varicella is generally prevented in vaccinees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

VZV T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Weinberg

Levin

2010

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

148

138

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Primary varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection (varicella) induces VZV-specific antibody and VZV-specific T cell-mediated immunity. T cell-mediated immunity, which is detected within 1-2 weeks after appearance of rash, and consists of both CD4 and CD8 effector and memory T cells, is essential for recovery from varicella. Administration of a varicella vaccine also generates VZV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. The memory cell responses that develop during varicella or after vaccination contribute to protection following re-exposure to VZV. These responses are subsequently boosted either by endogenous re-exposure (silent reactivation of latent virus) or exogenous re-exposure (environmental). VZV-specific T cell-mediated immunity is also necessary to maintain latent VZV in a subclinical state in sensory ganglia. When these responses decline, as occurs with aging or iatrogenic immune suppression, reactivation of VZV leads to herpes zoster. Similarly, the magnitude of these responses early after the onset of herpes zoster correlates with the extent of zoster-associated pain. These essential immune responses are boosted by the VZV vaccine developed to prevent herpes zoster.

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“…The vaccine was shown to be generally well-tolerated, immunogenic, and efficacious Watson et al, 1994;Vessey et al, 2001]. Vaccination with live attenuated viruses is based on induction of specific antibody, without viral replication being extensive enough to cause disease [Takahashi, 1992].…”

Section: Varicella-zoster Virus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The optimization and validation of the glycoprotein ELISA assay for quantitative varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antibody detection

et al. 2006

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Varicella is a highly contagious viral disease found throughout the world. A live-attenuated Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) vaccine (Oka/Merck strain), VARIVAXtrade mark, was licensed in the United States (US) in 1995 and was made a part of the US recommended childhood vaccination schedule in 1996. The immune response to VZV-containing vaccines has been measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to glycoproteins from VZV. A correlate for protective immunity has been established between anti-VZV glycoprotein antibody levels and protection against breakthrough varicella in children, and this correlate is used as the primary immunogenicity endpoint in clinical trials with VZV-containing vaccines. The performance of the "first generation" validated version of the assay was recently reevaluated in order to identify areas for improvement. Specific format and reagent changes were implemented, with the goal of improving assay consistency by maintaining tighter control over assay processes and reagents. An extensive validation of the "second generation" gpELISA was undertaken in order to characterize the updated assay. In this article, we describe the gpELISA method, detail the procedures used to evaluate assay performance, and present the operating characteristics of the second generation gpELISA.

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Childhood vaccination against varicella: Persistence of antibody, duration of protection, and vaccine efficacy

Cited by 76 publications

References 21 publications

Varicella vaccination in children with chronic renal failure

Varicella vaccination in children with chronic renal failure

VZV T Cell-Mediated Immunity

The optimization and validation of the glycoprotein ELISA assay for quantitative varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antibody detection

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