Childhood Urinary Tract Infection: Clinical Signs, Bacterial Causes and Antibiotic Susceptibility

Abstract

Background and objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the neglected infection in children from the side of study its clinical symptoms, causative organisms and their antibiotic sensitivity. This investigation searches for determine clinical symptoms frequency, prevalence rate, bacterial features, and antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial urinary tract infection in children attending private children’s health center in Sana’a city.
 Methods: In a prospective study carried out over a 24-month period, 1925 samples from children patients suspected of having a UTI were investigated, of which 175 were culture-positive. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Isolated bacteria were identified by standard tests, and antibiotic susceptibility was performed by the disk diffusion method.
 Results: Fever was the most frequent symptom that occurred (88%) while other UTI symptoms were less frequent than that reported in adult patients for UTI. The most common etiological agent was Escherichia coli (89.7%), followed Staphylococcus aureus (3.4%), Klebsiella spp (2.9%), Proteus spp (2.3%), and beta haemolytic streptococci (1.7%). Results of antimicrobial resistant for E. coli, as the most prevalent cause of UTI, to commonly used antibiotics are ranged from less than 3% for levofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin and cefoxitin to more than 75% for tetracycline, nalidixic acid, doxycycline, co-trimoxazol and amoxicillin .
 Conclusions: The results show the most common symptom of UTI are fever and lack of more obvious symptoms of UTI in adult patients. The antimicrobial resistance patterns of the causes of UTI are highly changeable and constant surveillance of trends in resistance patterns of uropathogens among children is essential.
 
 Peer Review History: 
 Received: 11 July 2021; Revised: 13 August; Accepted: 5 September, Available online: 15 September 2021
 Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id
 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. 
 Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
 Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
 Reviewers:
 Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr
 Dr. Salfarina Ramli, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. salfarina2892@uitm.edu.my 
 Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, edress2020@gmail.com
 Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com
 Similar Articles:
 URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN POST OPERATIVE PATIENTS: PREVALENCE RATE, BACTERIAL PROFILE, ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFIC RISK FACTORS 
 BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UROPATHOGENS IN PATIENTS WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN IBB CITY -YEMEN

Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Major Bacterial Pathogens Isolated From Clinical Samples in Two Tertiary’s Hospitals, in Sana'a, Yemen

“…According to estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations report, deaths due to antimicrobial resistance could increase with the time 4, 5 . Nowadays, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat, 6,7 and antimicrobial resistance bacteria in different hospital departments are increasing dramatically all over the world and in Yemen this problem is more extensive and complex [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . As for some details of the previous work in Yemen, these studies mostly focused on studying the sensitivity to antibiotics for each bacteria separately 8-20 , while the current study studied the resistance to all bacterial isolates, and the current study also identified the temporal correlation of the rate of increase in the prevalence of resistance of bacterial isolates to the antibiotics used in the study area.…”

Surgical Site Infections: Prevalence, Associated Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of the Bacterial Isolates Among Postoperative Patients in Sana’a, Yemen

“…The present study confirms the alarming rate of resistance of Grampositive bacteria to the polyclonal antimicrobials penicillin (100%), erythromycin (85.8%) and amoxicillin (78.6%) which was similar compared to previous studies conducted in Yemen before 29-42 . This may be because the experimental treatment of isolates and/or the random and repeated use of these antibiotics by unskilled practitioners along with the lack of guidelines for antibiotic use participate a fundamental role in the emergence and spread of resistance 13,28, 41 . Limitations This study did not address anaerobic bacteria pathogens due to limited laboratory facilities.…”