Childhood traumatic experiences of patients with bipolar disorder type I and type II

Gray and white matter trajectories in patients with bipolar disorder

“…In fact, in contrast with other severe psychiatric disorders, in particular schizophrenia, where a possible pathogenesis related to neurodevelopmental disruption is supported by classical neurodevelopmental models , it is still uncertain whether neurodevelopment is implicated in the physiopathology of BP. It is possible that environmental factors, especially early traumatic factors, may interplay with a specific genetic susceptibility, affecting the clinical characteristics of the disorder as well as altering the development of specific brain areas and leading to inadequate mood regulation . In fact, while other authors suggested that the decrease of GM volumes may be a neurodegenerative effect due to the course of the disease , we found that the structural alterations did not change over the course of the disorders.…”

The protective effects of grit on suicidal ideation in individuals with trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress

“…The relationship between both trauma and PTSD with suicidal outcomes is well‐established (Bentley et al, ; Bryan, Grove & Kimbrel, ). For example, interpersonal trauma and sexual discrimination have been associated with engagement in suicidal and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI; House, Van Horn, Coppeans, & Stepleman, ); natural disasters with an increased risk for suicidal behaviors (Kõlves, Kõlves, & De Leo, ); and emotional and sexual abuse with suicide attempts (Janiri et al, ). Military and veteran studies documenting increased likelihood of suicidal ideation and attempts (Carroll, Currier, McCormick, & Drescher, ; Jakupcak et al, ; Legarreta et al, ; and Stanley, Rogers, Hanson, Gutierrez, & Joiner, ) provide further support for these links.…”

Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents: from the beginning to the consequences

“…Finally, specific types of childhood trauma are associated with different clinical features, [65,66] like suicide attempts [66][67][68]. Numerous studies highlight the link between family environment and youth suicide attempts, with greater family conflict and lower family support differentiating youth attempters from nonattempters [7,69,70].…”

“…Such links may help explain the increased risk of suicide among youth with PBD, given the documented difficulties in parent stress, family communication and conflict that accompany this disorder [7,71,72]. Childhood trauma per se is only one of many possible pathogenetic factors [66,73], but the according to the logistic regression analysis, emotional abuse is strongly linked to lifetime suicide attempts, apart of the type of BD diagnosed. This finding suggests the importance of adopting a dimensional approach towards suicidality in BD [66,74].…”

“…Childhood trauma per se is only one of many possible pathogenetic factors [66,73], but the according to the logistic regression analysis, emotional abuse is strongly linked to lifetime suicide attempts, apart of the type of BD diagnosed. This finding suggests the importance of adopting a dimensional approach towards suicidality in BD [66,74]. This risk may be particularly acute given the documented dysfunction in the brain structures involved in coping skills (e.g., reduced activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in concert with limbic overactivity) associated with PBD [7, [75][76][77], as well as the low self-esteem and hopelessness these youth report [7,72].…”