Childhood Trauma, Criminogenic Social Schemas, and Violent Crime

Baron, Stephen W.; Forde, David R.

doi:10.1080/01639625.2019.1596534

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The original Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) study established a strong doseresponse relationship between various forms of trauma and several adverse health and social outcomes (Anda et al, 2020;Felitti et al, 1998). Indeed, exposure to trauma is widely considered a critical factor in partially explaining the onset and maintenance of youth aggression (Barkauskienė et al, 2019;Baron & Forde, 2020;Braga et al, 2017;Maschi et al, 2018;van der Zouwen et al, 2018;Vitopoulos et al, 2019). Early trauma exposure is also associated with increased involvement in child welfare and juvenile justice systems (Garland et al, 2001).…”

Section: The Importance Of a Trauma-responsive Environment In A Corre...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traumatic experiences occur within the context of a particular environment and interact with multiple factors to determine their physiological and psychological impacts (Ko et al, 2008), such as the capacity for self-regulation (Stucke & Baumeister, 2006). The accumulation of risk across ecological levels makes it more likely youth will act aggressively (Bronfenbrenner, 1979;Baron & Forde, 2020). Therefore, institutional factors may elicit or inhibit aggression in traumatized youth in response to their environment.…”

Section: The Importance Of a Trauma-responsive Environment In A Corre...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sanctuary Model: A Trauma-Responsive Environmental Model for Secure Residential Facilities Within the Juvenile Justice System

Tunstall

Gover

2022

JAJJS

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Exposure to trauma is considered a critical factor in explaining the onset and maintenance of youth aggression. Integrating trauma-responsive practices into the operations of youth-serving systems improves incarcerated youths’ adaptive functioning and ability to succeed when back in society and serves as an opportunity to reduce the likelihood of future aggression. The Sanctuary Model is an approach to organizational culture change based on the structural development of processes that facilitate trauma-responsiveness within a therapeutic community environment. The Colorado Division of Youth Services adopted the Sanctuary Model as part of the primary foundational organizational model of care in 2014. This conceptual article first describes the Sanctuary Model and discusses its implementation using Bowen and Murshid’s (2016) social justice and trauma-informed social policy framework. The article provides an analysis that leads to seven recommendations that will assist organizational leaders in justifying the model at every stage of implementation, including the ongoing sustainability of the practices.

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Section: The Importance Of a Trauma-responsive Environment In A Corre...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Importance Of a Trauma-responsive Environment In A Corre...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sanctuary Model: A Trauma-Responsive Environmental Model for Secure Residential Facilities Within the Juvenile Justice System

Tunstall

Gover

2022

JAJJS

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“…Youth involved in the juvenile justice system (JJS) have high rates of trauma relative to their non-JJS involved peers (Abram et al, 2004; Ford et al, 2010; Fox et al, 2015; Levenson et al, 2017). There are many theoretical and empirical linkages explaining the relationship between traumatic experiences and juvenile delinquency (Baron & Forde, 2020; Craig et al, 2017, 2017b, 2019; Maschi, 2006; Vitopoulos et al, 2019). Criminological research has long posited that certain risks are key indicators for the onset and continuity of youth delinquency and criminal behavior, including limited empathy, psychopathy, or callous or unemotional characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascading Effects of Cumulative Trauma: Callous Traits among Justice Involved Youth

Yoder

Tunstall

2022

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice

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Youth involved in the juvenile justice system (JJS) have high rates of trauma relative to youth in the general population. Criminological research has posited that callous traits are some of the most prominent risk factors associated with onset and recidivistic criminal behavior. It stands to reason that research should test intermediary variables explaining the connection between cumulative trauma and risks for criminal behavior to better isolate trauma-driven determinants of callous traits. This study employs a structural equation model to test the connections between cumulative trauma, trauma symptoms, behavioral regulation, and callous traits among a sample of JJS involved youth ( N = 336). Results revealed there was not a direct relationship between cumulative trauma and callous traits, but there were mediated effects of the variables in portions of the model; the developmental risks resulting from cumulative trauma, specifically trauma symptoms and behavioral regulation increase the likelihood for callous traits. Implications are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has indicated a link between childhood abuse and aggression toward others (e.g., Augsburger et al, 2019; Baron & Forde, 2020; Norton-Baker et al, 2019). Former studies indicated that adolescents who showed aggressive behaviors toward others had higher levels of exposure to prior abuse than did nonaggressive adolescents (Barnow et al, 2001) and that each type of abuse (physical, sexual, and emotional) was significantly related to increased risk for interpersonal violence (Baron & Forde, 2020; Harford et al, 2014). Studies have also revealed higher proportions of a history of childhood abuse in inmates compared to that in the general population (Courtney & Maschi, 2013; Maschi et al, 2011) and indicated an association between maltreatment during childhood and committing offenses (Salter et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification With the Aggressor and Inward and Outward Aggression in Abuse Survivors

Lahav

Allende

Talmon

et al. 2020

J Interpers Violence

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Childhood abuse survivors may display both inward and outward aggression manifested in self-injurious behavior (SIB) and violent acts toward others. Scrutinizing the literature reveals that the relational dynamics between victims and their perpetrators might be involved in these phenomena. Yet, research on this subject matter has been sparse. Filling this gap, this study investigated the contribution of the singular bonds between victims and their perpetrators, known as identification with the aggressor, in explaining survivors’ aggression. The study was conducted among 306 Israeli college/university students who reported a history of childhood abuse. Results revealed that levels of adopting the perpetrator’s experience, identifying with the perpetrator’s aggression, and replacing one’s agency with that of the perpetrator were significantly associated with survivors’ inward and outward aggression. Moreover, profile type—that is, having high versus low levels of identification with the aggressor—was implicated in participants’ SIBs, urge to harm others, and violent acts toward others, above and beyond the effects of gender and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The present findings suggest that identification with the aggressor might make survivors prone to the re-enactment of past abusive dynamics, which, in turn, could eventuate in aggression toward themselves and others.

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Childhood Trauma, Criminogenic Social Schemas, and Violent Crime

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

The Sanctuary Model: A Trauma-Responsive Environmental Model for Secure Residential Facilities Within the Juvenile Justice System

The Sanctuary Model: A Trauma-Responsive Environmental Model for Secure Residential Facilities Within the Juvenile Justice System

Cascading Effects of Cumulative Trauma: Callous Traits among Justice Involved Youth

Identification With the Aggressor and Inward and Outward Aggression in Abuse Survivors

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