Childhood Trauma and Psychotic Disorders: a Systematic, Critical Review of the Evidence

Bendall, Sarah; Jackson, Henry; Hulbert, Carol; McGorry, Patrick D.

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm121

Cited by 319 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Such a model of schizophrenia is consistent with the widely accepted findings, from the last decade or two, that demonstrate the role of prolonged stress, trauma, social defeat, and cultural collision in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (see, e.g., [158,159]). It may help to account as well for a related finding: the extensive overlapping between schizophrenic and dissociative symptoms [160].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Towards integrating phenomenology and neurocognition: Possible neurocognitive correlates of basic self-disturbance in schizophrenia

Nelson

Sass

2017

Current Problems of Psychiatry

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Phenomenological research indicates that disturbance of the basic sense of self may be a core phenotypic marker of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Basic self-disturbance refers to disruption of the sense of ownership of experience and agency of action and is associated with a variety of anomalous subjective experiences. Little is known about the neurocognitive correlates of basic selfdisturbance. In this paper, we review recent phenomenological and neurocognitive research and point to a convergence of these approaches around the concept of self-disturbance. Specifically, we propose that subjective anomalies associated with basic selfdisturbance may be associated with: 1. source monitoring deficits, which may contribute particularly to disturbances of "ownership" and "mineness" (the phenomenological notion of presence) and 2. aberrant salience, and associated disturbances of memory, prediction, and attention processes, which may contribute to hyper-reflexivity, disturbed "grip" or "hold" on the perceptual and conceptual field, and disturbances of intuitive social understanding ("common sense"). These two streams of research are reviewed in turn before considering ways forward in integrative models, particularly regarding the role of early neurodevelopmental disturbances, primary versus secondary disturbances, and the state versus trait nature of such pathology. Empirical studies are required in a variety of populations in order to test the proposed associations between phenomenological and neurocognitive aspects of self-disturbance in schizophrenia. An integration of findings across the phenomenological and neurocognitive domains would represent a significant advance in the understanding of schizophrenia and possibly enhance early identification and intervention strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Towards integrating phenomenology and neurocognition: Possible neurocognitive correlates of basic self-disturbance in schizophrenia

Nelson

Sass

2017

Current Problems of Psychiatry

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“…While many studies focusing on trauma and psychosis examined severe TE such as sexual abuse (Read et al 2005 ;Bendall et al 2008 ;Elklit & Shevlin, 2010), in the current study, sexual approach or abuse was reported by only 1 % of the children. Thus, even though the exposure rate of these severe events was low, strong associations between TE and SE and both incidence and persistence of AVH were found, as well as with AVH severity and delusional ideation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Auditory hallucinations in childhood: associations with adversity and delusional ideation

Bartels-Velthuis

Willige

Jenner³

et al. 2011

Psychol. Med.

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Background. Previous work suggests that exposure to childhood adversity is associated with the combination of delusions and hallucinations. In the present study, associations between (severity of) auditory vocal hallucinations (AVH) and (i) social adversity [traumatic experiences (TE) and stressful events (SE)] and (ii) delusional ideation were examined.Method. A baseline case-control sample of children with and without AVH were re-assessed on AVH after 5 years and interviewed about the experience of social adversity and delusions.Results. A total of 337 children (mean age 13.1 years, S.D.=0.5) were assessed : 40 children continued to hear voices that were present at baseline (24 %, persistent group), 15 heard voices only at follow-up (9 %, incident group), 130 children no longer reported AVH that were present at baseline (remitted group) and 152 never heard voices (referent group). Both TE and SE were associated with both incident and persistent AVH, as well as with greater AVH severity and delusional ideation at follow-up. In addition, the combination of AVH and delusions displayed a stronger association with TE and SE compared with either AVH or delusions alone.Conclusions. Early childhood AVH are mostly benign and transitory. However, experience of social adversity is associated with persistence, severity and onset of new AVH closer to puberty, and with delusional ideation.

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“…1 Among these, early life adversity, or CT, is one of the most extensively studied social factors associated with the development of psychosis. 2 CT is a general term that refers to a range of adverse experiences before the age of 16 years, including sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, and neglect. An early review 3 on this topic generated controversy, claiming that CT is a causal factor for psychosis and schizophrenia.…”

Section: Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Trauma as a Cause of Psychosis: Linking Genes, Psychology, and Biology

et al. 2013

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Recent studies have provided robust evidence for an association between childhood trauma (CT) and psychosis. Meta-analyses have quantified the association, pointing to odds ratios in the order of around 3, and prospective studies have shown that reverse causation is unlikely to explain the association. However, more work is needed to address the possibility of a gene-environment correlation, that is, whether genetic risk for psychosis predicts exposure to CT. Nevertheless, multiple studies have convincingly shown that the association between CT and psychosis remains strong and significant when controlling for genetic risk, in agreement with a possible causal association. In addition, several studies have shown plausible psychological and neurobiological mechanisms linking adverse experiences to psychosis, including induction of social defeat and reduced self-value, sensitization of the mesolimbic dopamine system, changes in the stress and immune system, and concomitant changes in stress-related brain structures, such as the hippocampus and the amygdala, findings that should be integrated, however, in more complex models of vulnerability. It is currently unclear whether genetic vulnerability plays a role in conferring the mental consequences of adversity, and which genes are likely to be involved. The current, limited evidence points to genes that are not specifically involved in psychosis but more generally in regulating mood (serotonin transporter gene), neuroplasticity (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), and the stress-response system (FKBP5), in line with a general effect of CT on a range of mental disorders, rather than suggesting specificity for psychosis. W W W Traumatisme d'enfance comme cause de psychose : lier gènes, psychologie et biologieDes études récentes ont produit de solides données probantes de l'association entre un traumatisme d'enfance (TE) et la psychose. Des méta-analyses ont quantifié l'association, chiffrant les rapports de cotes de l'ordre de 3, et des études prospectives ont montré que la causalité inverse n'est pas susceptible d'expliquer l'association. Cependant, il faut plus de travaux pour étudier la possibilité d'une corrélation gène-environnement, c'est-à-dire, si le risque génétique de psychose prédit l'exposition au TE. Néanmoins, de nombreuses études ont démontré de façon convaincante que l'association entre TE et psychose demeure forte et significative lors d'un contrôle pour le risque génétique, ce qui concorde avec une possible association causale. En outre, plusieurs études ont démontré des mécanismes psychologiques et neurobiologiques plausibles qui lient les expériences indésirables à la psychose, notamment l'induction de la défaite sociale ou de l'estime de soi réduite, la sensibilisation du système de dopamine mésolimbique, les changements du système de stress et immunitaire, et les changements concomitants des structures cérébrales liées au stress, comme l'hippocampe et l'amygdale. Ces résultats devraient toutefois être intégrés à des modèles de vulnérabilité plus com...

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Childhood Trauma and Psychotic Disorders: a Systematic, Critical Review of the Evidence

Cited by 319 publications

References 64 publications

Towards integrating phenomenology and neurocognition: Possible neurocognitive correlates of basic self-disturbance in schizophrenia

Towards integrating phenomenology and neurocognition: Possible neurocognitive correlates of basic self-disturbance in schizophrenia

Auditory hallucinations in childhood: associations with adversity and delusional ideation

Childhood Trauma as a Cause of Psychosis: Linking Genes, Psychology, and Biology

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