Childhood Solitary Cutaneous Mastocytoma: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management

Leung, Alexander K C; Lam, Joseph M.; Leong, Kin Fon

doi:10.2174/1573396315666181120163952

Cited by 46 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…tinea capitis, tinea pedis, onychomycosis). 49 , 50 Transmission among household family members is by far the most common route; children often become infected by spores shed by an infected household family member. 15 , 48 , 51 Autoinfection by dermatophytes elsewhere in the body may also occur.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tinea corporis: an updated review

Leung¹,

Lam²,

Leong³

et al. 2020

DIC

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Background Tinea corporis is a common fungal infection that mimics many other annular lesions. Physicians must familiarize themselves with this condition and its treatment. Objective This article aimed to provide a narrative updated review on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of tinea corporis. Methods A PubMed search was performed with Clinical Queries using the key term ‘tinea corporis.’ The search strategy included clinical trials, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to the English language. The information retrieved from the mentioned search was used in the compilation of the present article. Results Tinea corporis typically presents as a well-demarcated, sharply circumscribed, oval or circular, mildly erythematous, scaly patch or plaque with a raised leading edge. Mild pruritus is common. The diagnosis is often clinical but can be difficult with prior use of medications, such as calcineurin inhibitors or corticosteroids. Dermoscopy is a useful and non-invasive diagnostic tool. If necessary, the diagnosis can be confirmed by microscopic examination of potassium hydroxide wet-mount preparations of skin scrapings from the active border of the lesion. Fungal culture is the gold standard to diagnose dermatophytosis especially if the diagnosis is in doubt and results of other tests are inconclusive or the infection is widespread, severe, or resistant to treatment. The standard treatment of tinea corporis is with topical antifungals. Systemic antifungal treatment is indicated if the lesion is multiple, extensive, deep, recurrent, chronic, or unresponsive to topical antifungal treatment, or if the patient is immunodeficient. Conclusion The diagnosis of tinea corporis is usually clinical and should pose no problem to the physician provided the lesion is typical. However, many clinical variants of tinea corporis exist, rendering the diagnosis difficult especially with prior use of medications, such as calcineurin inhibitors or corticosteroids. As such, physicians must be familiar with this condition so that an accurate diagnosis can be made and appropriate treatment initiated.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tinea corporis: an updated review

Leung¹,

Lam²,

Leong³

et al. 2020

DIC

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“…Its prevalence rate is estimated at 9 cases per 100,000 persons in the USA [ 27 ] and 13 cases per 100,000 persons in the Dutch region, aged over 15 years [ 28 ]. About 35 out of 100 cases of cutaneous mastocytosis and 1.8 out of 100 cases of systemic mastocytosis occur in children [ 29 ].…”

Section: Definition Of Mastocytosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Diffuse CM is uncommon, accounting for no more than 2% of all forms of CM, and consists of an infiltration of MCs involving the entire skin, often with a neonatal onset [ 34 ]. Solitary/localized cutaneous mastocytoma, accounting for up to 15% of all pediatric forms of CM, is characterized by a limited accumulation in a specific skin site, typically post-traumatic (e.g., in the sites of vaccination) probably following the releas of SCF, nerve growth factor, and interleukin-5 [ 27 ]. …”

Section: Definition Of Mastocytosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mast Cell Activation Disorders

et al. 2021

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Background and Objectives: Mast cell disorders comprise a wide spectrum of syndromes caused by mast cells’ degranulation with acute or chronic clinical manifestations. Materials and Methods: In this review article we reviewed the latest findings in scientific papers about mast cell disorders with a particular focus on mast cell activation syndrome and mastocytosis in pediatric age. Results: Patients with mast cell activation syndrome have a normal number of mast cells that are hyperreactive upon stimulation of various triggers. We tried to emphasize the diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies. Another primary mast cell disorder is mastocytosis, a condition with a long-known disease, in which patients have an increased number of mast cells that accumulate in different regions of the body with different clinical evolution in pediatric age. Conclusions: Mast cell activation syndrome overlaps with different clinical entities. No consensus was found on biomarkers and no clearly resolutive treatment is available. Therefore, a more detailed knowledge of this syndrome is of fundamental importance for a correct diagnosis and effective therapy.

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“…Mastocytosis is a rare heterogeneous group of disorders due to clonal proliferation and accumulation of mast cell in one or more organs and tissues such as the skin, bone marrow, liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and lymph nodes 2 . According to the World Health Organization, two main forms of mastocytosis are recognized, depending on the sites of organ involvement: cutaneous mastocytosis, when the skin is the only tissue affected, and systemic mastocytosis, when extracutaneous organs are involved with or without concomitant skin lesions.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%