Childhood Parental Loss and Adult Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Function

Tyrka, Audrey R.; Wier, Lauren M; Price, Lawrence H.; Ross, Nicole S.; Anderson, George M.; Wilkinson, Charles W.; Carpenter, Linda L.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.01.011

Cited by 233 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…HPA-axis hyperactivation has also been linked to depression in childhood via dampening of the hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor gene Nr3c1 in infant humans who have had adverse nurturing experiences, [100][101][102] leading to impaired negative feedback to the hypothalamus regarding circulating cortisol. 18 Children whose parents have died have elevated serum cortisol; 103 early and recent aversive experiences predict elevated cortisol responsivity in adolescents; 104 and elevated CRH has also been associated with depression in adults, 105 perhaps via its effect on raphe nuclei that, in turn, influence serotonin activity in the PFC. 106 Depressed suicide victims show elevated CRH in their PFC compared to non-depressed and non-suicide individuals.…”

Section: Hypercortisolemia and Major Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological Pathways between Chronic Stress and Depression: Dysregulated Adaptive Mechanisms?

Sharpley

2009

Clinical Medicine Insights: Psychiatry

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Stress-related diseases have been predicted to become major contributors to the Global Disease Burden within the next 20 years. Of these, depression is one of the principal identifiable sources of concern for public mental health, and has been hypothesized to be an outcome of prolonged stress. Examination of the hyper-responsiveness of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis, consequent elevated serum cortisol, plus the effects of this upon brain structure and function, provides a model for understanding how chronic stress may be a causal vector in the development of depression. Evidence from studies of the effectiveness of antidepressants aimed at reducing cortisol within depressed patients supports this model and suggests avenues for future research and treatment of stress-induced depression.

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Section: Hypercortisolemia and Major Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological Pathways between Chronic Stress and Depression: Dysregulated Adaptive Mechanisms?

Sharpley

2009

Clinical Medicine Insights: Psychiatry

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“…Subjects were recruited from the community for one of several thematically and methodologically similar studies which assessed the relationship between childhood experiences, neuroendocrine stress reactivity, and risk for certain psychiatric disorders. Findings on the neuroendocrine correlates of parental loss are reported elsewhere [31]. Advertisements for: 1) healthy adults; 2) adults suffering from depression; 3) individuals with a history of earlylife stress; and 4) individuals with a history of early parental loss were posted in the community and on Internet advertising sites.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Parental Loss and Adult Psychopathology: Effects of Loss Characteristics and Contextual Factors

Tyrka

Wier

Price

et al. 2008

Int J Psychiatry Med

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether childhood parental death and childhood parental separation are linked to lifetime depressive and anxiety disorders after controlling for related risk factors. Participants were 105 individuals from the community, including a group with separation/desertion from a parent, a group with childhood parental death, and a matched control group whose parents remained married and living together. Participants completed interviews and questionnaires assessing symptoms of anxiety and depression, family psychiatric history, childhood maltreatment, and childhood parental relationships. Participants with separation/ desertion and those with parental death were significantly more likely than the control subjects to report the subsequent onset of symptoms of a depressive or anxiety disorder. These effects were not fully explained by parental relationships or childhood maltreatment. However, in the group with parental separation only, family history of depressive and anxiety disorders accounted for the apparent effect of parental separation. These findings indicate that parental death may be a specific risk factor for depressive and anxiety disorders. For parental separation/desertion, our results highlight the overriding influence of risk factors that commonly co-occur with this form of parental loss.

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“…Patients with chronic pelvic pain are more likely to present with symptoms of additional, non-pelvic-related functional pain disorders and mood disorders, including anxiety, depression, and panic disorder [4][5][6] , which has been associated with altered functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis [7][8][9][10] . Exposure to early life stress or trauma is a significant risk factor for developing HPA abnormalities and associated chronic pain syndromes 10,11 and, as such, a significant subset of patients with functional pelvic pain disorders report having experienced adverse childhood events such as abuse or neglect [12][13][14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Perigenital Sensitivity and Prostatic Mast Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Maternal Separation

Fuentes

Pierce

O’Neil

et al. 2015

JoVE

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Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) has a lifetime prevalence of 14% and is the most common urological diagnosis for men under the age of 50, yet it is the least understood and studied chronic pelvic pain disorder. A significant subset of patients with chronic pelvic pain report having experienced early life stress or abuse, which can markedly affect the functioning and regulation of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Mast cell activation, which has been shown to be increased in both urine and expressed prostatic secretions of CP/ CPPS patients, is partially regulated by downstream activation of the HPA axis. Neonatal maternal separation (NMS) has been used for over two decades to study the outcomes of early life stress in rodent models, including changes in the HPA axis and visceral sensitivity. Here we provide a detailed protocol for using NMS as a preclinical model of CP/CPPS in male C57BL/6 mice. We describe the methodology for performing NMS, assessing perigenital mechanical allodynia, and histological evidence of mast cell activation. We also provide evidence that early psychological stress can have long-lasting effects on the male urogenital system in mice. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Childhood Parental Loss and Adult Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Function

Abstract: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that early parental loss induces enduring changes in neuroendocrine function.

Cited by 233 publications

References 49 publications

Neurobiological Pathways between Chronic Stress and Depression: Dysregulated Adaptive Mechanisms?

Neurobiological Pathways between Chronic Stress and Depression: Dysregulated Adaptive Mechanisms?

Childhood Parental Loss and Adult Psychopathology: Effects of Loss Characteristics and Contextual Factors

Assessment of Perigenital Sensitivity and Prostatic Mast Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Maternal Separation

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