Childhood obesity

Kumar, Seema; Kaufman, Tara K.

doi:10.23736/s0031-0808.18.03557-7

Cited by 39 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Childhood obesity has reached the point where it should be considered a public health emergency (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). As confirmed by our results, a pathological BMI is the main risk factor for the development of metabolic and cardiovascular complications.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Obesity is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation; this state is well-defined by altered circulating levels of cytokines and acute phase reactants (11). During the development of an overweight or obese state, the adipose tissue undergoes morphological and secretive changes leading to a Th1 bias and a chronic state of inflammation (1,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) that is involved in the development of numerous complications, such as insulinresistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (18,20,21,24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The global obesity epidemic is worrying particularly considering the involvement of children and adolescents (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Metabolic and cardiovascular complications linked to excess weight have been identified in young age groups, with important health and economic consequences (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Th17 and Treg Balance in Children With Obesity and Metabolically Altered Status

Calcaterra

Croce²,

Vinci

et al. 2020

Front. Pediatr.

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Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation and activation of the immune system are hallmark pathogenic mechanisms involved in metabolic dysfunction and are related to obesity. In particular, the involvement of regulatory and pro-inflammatory lymphocyte subpopulations has been reported in adults. We evaluated the Th17/Treg lymphocyte balance in obese and normal weight children, in relation with their metabolic status. Methods: We enrolled 50 pediatric patients. According to metabolic status, subjects were classified into: metabolically healthy (MH) and metabolically unhealthy (MU) groups. MU phenotype was defined as the presence of at least one of the following risk factors: blood pressure >90th percentile, glycemia>100 mg/dl, HDL cholesterol<40 mg/dl, triglycerides>100 mg/dl (<10 years) or >130 mg/dl (>10 years), impaired insulin sensitivity with HOMA-IR>97.5th percentile. Patient Treg and Th17 profiles were also evaluated. Results: Based on the presence of metabolic and/or cardiovascular pathological parameters, we classified 15 MU (30%) and 35 MH (70%) children; all MU children were obese. Analyzing the correlations between lymphocyte subpopulations and metabolic data, we noted a correlation between Th17 percentage and systolic hypertension (p = 0.01, r = −0.37); Treg/Th17 ratio and HOMA-IR (p = 0.02, r = 0.32) and systolic hypertension (p = 0.05, r = 0.30). Conclusion: Children with obesity have a high risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular complications. The Th17/Treg lymphocyte balance appears to be involved in glycemic homeostasis and blood pressure control. Careful and early monitoring of the immune system would facilitate new early preventive strategies in pediatric metabolic diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Th17 and Treg Balance in Children With Obesity and Metabolically Altered Status

Calcaterra

Croce²,

Vinci

et al. 2020

Front. Pediatr.

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“…The incidence rate of obesity has rapidly increased worldwide. In speci c, overweight and obesity have become prevalent among children and adolescents [1,2]. With the rapid development of China's social economy, the continuous improvement of people's living standards, and the signi cant changes in family lifestyle, obese children have increasingly become a serious concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and Correlation of Circulating miRNAs in Healthy Obese Children

Cao

Liu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective: Obesity is an important risk factor of metabolic diseases. It is caused by the interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. This study aimed to identify specific circulating miRNAs for evaluating obesity in children. Methods: Thirty children including 15 obese and 15 extremely thin were selected. The miRNA microarray was used to detect the expression of miRNAs in circulating plasma. The reliability of differential miRNA expression was verified using TaqMan qPCR. The correlation between miRNA and obesity was analyzed using multiple linear regression. Target genes for selected miRNAs were analyzed using informatics tools, and a functional network map was constructed. Results: Thirty-six differential expression miRNAs were screened by gene chip, and seven up-regulated miRNAs were verified by TaqMan qPCR, including hsa-miR-126-3p, hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-199a-3p, hsa-miR-20a-5p, hsa-miR-223-3p, hsa-miR-23a-3p, and hsa-miR-24-3p. Six miRNAs had significant statistical difference except hsa-miR-23a-3p. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that hsa-miR-15b-5p and hsa-miR-223-3p were associated with obesity [1.649 (4.974-16.084), -1.175 (-17.852~ -2.657)]. After adjusting for age and gender, these two miRNAs were still associated with obesity [1.400 (3.572-14.301), -0.973 (-15.634~ -1.303)]. Among them, hsa-miR-15b-5p and hsa-miR-223 had more predicted obesity-related target genes than others. In particular, hsa-miR-15b-5p had numerous target genes associated with the FoxO, insulin, Ras, and AMPK signaling pathways. Conclusion: The miRNA expression profile in the body circulation of obese children differs from normal children. This result is attributed to the abnormal metabolism of obese children. hsa-miR-15b-5p and hsa-miR-223-3p could serve as a molecular marker for screening obese children and susceptible population of metabolic syndrome.

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“…In the last few decades, overweight and obesity have increased worldwide in adults [1,2] and in young people [3,4]. Furthermore, there has been a dramatic decrease in physical activity (PA) levels during childhood and middle adolescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

School-Based Interventions for Promoting Physical Activity Using Games and Gamification: A Systematic Review Protocol

Saucedo-Araujo

Chillón

Pérez-López

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Games and/or gamification seem to be a promising area for educational and health research. These strategies are being increasingly used for improving health indicators, even in educational settings; however, there is little information about these terms within the school to promote physical activity (PA). Objective: the aim of this study is to describe a systematic review protocol of school-based interventions for promoting PA in pre-schoolers, children, and adolescent students using games and gamification. Methods: This review protocol is registered in International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42019123521). Scientific databases include PubMed, Web of Science, SportDiscus, Cochrane Library, ERIC, and PsycINFO. A standardized procedure will be executed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol (PRISMA-P) checklist for conducting systematic review protocols and the PICOS (Population, Interventions, Comparators, Outcomes, and Study design) tool to address an appropriate search strategy. Detailed information will be extracted, including a quantitative assessment using effect sizes to compare the interventions and a qualitative assessment using the Evaluation of Public Health Practice Projects (EPHPP) tool. Conclusion: This systematic review protocol contributes to establishing future systematic reviews using games and gamification strategies in school settings in order to examine their effect on PA outcomes among youth. Additionally, an update and clarification on the different terms in the school context have been included.

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Childhood obesity

Cited by 39 publications

References 94 publications

Th17 and Treg Balance in Children With Obesity and Metabolically Altered Status

Th17 and Treg Balance in Children With Obesity and Metabolically Altered Status

Expression and Correlation of Circulating miRNAs in Healthy Obese Children

School-Based Interventions for Promoting Physical Activity Using Games and Gamification: A Systematic Review Protocol

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