Childhood Obesity: Looking Into the Future

Pietrobelli, Angelo; Espinoza, Maivin Cuevas; Cristofaro, Paolo De

doi:10.1177/0003319708318788

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…1 An increasing proportion of the world’s population is becoming obese, which is related to higher risks of morbidity and mortality. Childhood obesity has risen to significant levels globally and continues to increase in prevalence and severity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory control in otherwise healthy overweight 10-year-old children

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND Preventing obesity is a worldwide public health priority. In vulnerable children living in obesogenic environments, with easy access to high-caloric food, alterations in inhibitory control functions might favor excessive food intake and affect energy regulation. We hypothesized that overweight/obese children would present lower inhibitory control in comparison to normal weight children. METHODS We measured inhibitory control functions in 93 otherwise healthy overweight/obese and 92 normal weight 10-year-old children using the Stroop test and the Go/No-Go task. Event-related potentials were recorded during the Go/No-Go task. RESULTS Overweight/obese children showed slower reaction times (1248.6 ms (95% confidence interval (CI): 1182.9–1314.3) vs 1149.0 ms (95% CI: 1083.0–1215.1)) on the Stroop test, higher reaction time variability (0.25 (95% CI: 0.22–0.27) vs 0.21 (95% CI: 0.19–0.24)) on the Go/No-Go task and decreased P300 amplitude (4.1 µV (95% CI: 3.0–5.2) vs 6.4 µV (95% CI: 5.2–7.6)) on event-related potentials compared with normal weight children. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate altered inhibitory control functions in otherwise healthy overweight/obese children, which might contribute to their excessive food consumption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory control in otherwise healthy overweight 10-year-old children

et al. 2015

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“…With more accurate methods such as MRI, it has been shown that an increased degree of VAT in males compared with females leads to decreased insulin sensitivity (20). Interestingly, there are already gender differences in body composition in children of school age (3, 21, 22), but whether this is also the case in preschool children has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate whether gender differences in abdominal fat distribution are apparent already in preschool children and to compare anthropometric measures of WC with data from DXA and MRI in this young population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of total and regional body composition in preschool children: A comparison of MRI, DXA, and anthropometric data

Karlsson

Kullberg

Stokland

et al. 2013

Obesity

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Objective: There are clear sex differences in the distribution of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in adults, with males having more VAT and less SAT than females. This study assessed whether these differences between the sexes were already present in preschool children. It also evaluated which measures of body composition were most appropriate for assessing abdominal obesity in this age group. Design and Methods: One-hundred and five children (57 boys and 48 girls) participated in the study. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were also recorded. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the entire abdomen using sixteen 10-mm-thick T 1 -weighted slices was performed in a subgroup of 48 children (30 boys and 18 girls); SAT and VAT volumes were measured using semiautomated segmentation. Results: Boys had significantly more VAT than girls (0.17 versus 0.10 l, P < 0.001). Results showed that VAT correlated significantly with all measurements of anthropometry (P < 0.01) after adjusting for SAT and for total fat mass measured with DXA. The mean limits of agreement between DXA and MRI regarding truncal FM were calculated to be À11.4 (range À17.8 to À3.6), using a Bland-Altman plot. Conclusion: Sex differences in adipose tissue distribution are apparent at an early age. MRI is the best method with which to study abdominal fat distribution in young children.

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“…Obesity is described as a disease with genetic and environmental influence that may lead to several comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), metabolic syndrome (MS) and respiratory abnormalities among others [1,2]. Since the discovery of its association with variants in intron 1 of the fat mass and obesity associated ( FTO) gene [3-5], many studies have been conducted to replicate this finding, to identify new variants, to clarify the biological function of the protein encoded and to explain its role in the origin and/or development of obesity [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of FTO variants on obesity, inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers in Spanish children: a case–control multicentre study

et al. 2013

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BackgroundVariants in the FTO gene have been associated with obesity in children, but this association has not been shown with other biomarkers. We assessed the association of 52 FTO polymorphisms, spanning the whole gene, with obesity and estimated the influence of these polymorphisms on anthropometric, clinical and metabolic parameters as well as inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk biomarkers among Spanish children.MethodsA multicentre case–control study was conducted in 534 children (292 obese and 242 with normal-BMI). Anthropometric, clinical, metabolic, inflammation and CVD risk markers were compared using the Student’s t-test for unpaired samples. The genotype relative risk was assessed by comparing the obese and normal-BMI group, calculating the odds ratio. The association of each SNP with phenotypic parameters was analysed using either logistic or linear regression analysis.ResultsAll anthropometric, clinical and metabolic factors as well as inflammatory and CVD risk biomarkers were higher in the obese than in the normal-BMI group, except adiponectin and HDL-c that were lower, and glucose, LDL-c, and metalloproteinase-9 that did not show difference. Four polymorphisms (rs9935401, rs9939609, rs9928094 and rs9930333) were positively associated with obesity and in linkage disequilibrium between each other; the haplotype including the risk alleles of these polymorphisms showed a high risk for obesity. The rs8061518 was negatively associated with obesity and the haplotype including this SNP and rs3826169, rs17818902 and rs7190053 showed a decreased risk for obesity. Additionally, the rs8061518 was associated with weight, diastolic blood pressure, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, leptin, and active plasminogen inhibitor activator-1 after sex and age adjustment; however, after an additional BMI adjustment, this polymorphism remained associated only with leptin.ConclusionsWe validated the previous reported association of genetic variability in intron 1 of the FTO gene with the risk of obesity and found no association with other related traits in this region of the gene. We have observed strong statistical evidence for an association of rs8061518 in intron 3 of the gene with decreased risk of obesity and low concentration of leptin.

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Childhood Obesity: Looking Into the Future

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Inhibitory control in otherwise healthy overweight 10-year-old children

Inhibitory control in otherwise healthy overweight 10-year-old children

Measurements of total and regional body composition in preschool children: A comparison of MRI, DXA, and anthropometric data

Influence of FTO variants on obesity, inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers in Spanish children: a case–control multicentre study

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