Childhood obesity and the timing of puberty

Ahmed, Marion L.; Ong, Ken K.; Dunger, David B.

doi:10.1016/j.tem.2009.02.004

Cited by 337 publications

(327 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Whether childhood adiposity is the sole driver of the associations of age at menarche with cardiometabolic health and CVD events, related to its strong inverse relationship with age at menarche,41, 42 remains to be determined. A limited number of studies were able to adjust for childhood characteristics when studying the associations of age at menarche with cardiometabolic health 2, 4, 14.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age at Menarche and Cardiometabolic Health: A Sibling Analysis in the Scottish Family Health Study

Magnus

Lawlor

Iliodromiti

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundPrevious studies of age at menarche and cardiometabolic health report conflicting findings, and only a few could account for childhood characteristics. We aimed to estimate the associations of age at menarche with cardiovascular risk factors in unrelated women and within sister groups, under the assumption that within‐sibship estimates will be better adjusted for shared genetics and early life environment.Methods and ResultsOur study included 7770 women, from 5984 sibships, participating in the GS:SFHS (Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study). We used fixed‐ and between‐effects linear regression to estimate the associations within sister groups and between unrelated individuals, respectively. Within sibships, the mean difference between sisters with early menarche (≤11 years) and sisters with menarche at 12 to 13 years was 1.73 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.41 to 3.86) for systolic blood pressure, 1.26 mm Hg (95% CI, −0.02 to 2.55) for diastolic blood pressure, −0.06 nmol/L (95% CI, −0.11 to −0.02) for high‐density lipoprotein, 0.20 nmol/L (95% CI, 0.08–0.32) for non–high‐density lipoprotein, −0.34% (95% CI, −1.98 to 1.30) for glucose, 1.60 kg/m2 (95% CI, 0.92–2.28) for body mass index, and 2.75 cm (95% CI, 1.06–4.44) for waist circumference. There was weak evidence of associations between later menarche (14–15 or ≥16 years) and lower body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressure. We found no strong evidence that estimates from within‐ and between‐sibship analyses differed (all P values >0.1). The associations with other cardiovascular risk factors were attenuated after adjustment for adult body mass index.ConclusionsOur results suggest that confounding by shared familial characteristics is unlikely to be a major driver of the association between early menarche and adverse cardiometabolic health but do not exclude confounding by individual‐level characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age at Menarche and Cardiometabolic Health: A Sibling Analysis in the Scottish Family Health Study

Magnus

Lawlor

Iliodromiti

et al. 2018

JAHA

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“…The worldwide pandemic of childhood obesity has generated interest in the relationship between obesity during childhood and adolescence and growth patterns [10,11,12]. There is evidence suggesting that before puberty, obese children have a higher height velocity in comparison with their normalweight peers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nutrition is an important regulator of the tempo of human growth and prepubertal high BMI percentile is usually associated with an early onset of puberty, precocious skeletal maturation and accelerated dental development [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial morphology in overweight and obese orthodontic adolescent patients

Olszewska¹

2017

J Pre Clin Clin Res.

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Introduction and objective. There is an evidence suggesting that obesity may influence the timing of puberty and growth patterns. There are few research on the reactions of the craniofacial complex to an overall increase in the body mass. Thus the objective of the study was to investigate if overweight or obesity may influence craniofacial morphology in adolescent orthodontic patients. Material and methods. In total, 77 patients aged 11-16 years were selected for the retrospective analysis. The study group comprised 37 overweight or obese individuals (mean age: 13,45±2,15). The control group included 40 normal-weight subjects (mean age: 13.79±1.81). Body mass index (BMI) percentile of each patient was assessed with the use of BMI score and age-and sex specific growth charts in accordance with International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Craniofacial measurements included in the study were performed on the tracings of lateral cephalometric radiographs. The data was analyzed by STATISTICA 10 for Windows Software. Results. Both females and males of the study group exhibited significantly greater mandible length (Cd-Gn), corpus length (Go-Pg), midfacial length (Cd-A) and lower anterior facial height (Ans-Me) (p<0.05), as well as SNB, SNPg and ML/SN angles (p<0.05) compared to the normal-weight controls. Moreover, high BMI females showed greater maxillary length (Pm-A) and SNA angle (p<0.05), whereas males exhibited greater posterior facial height (S-Go) (p<0.05) compared to the controls. Conclusions. Weight status is an important factor that can affect craniofacial growth pattern and should be taken into consideration when planning orthopaedic treatment in adolescent patients.

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“…Indeed, as noted above, some evidence indicates that childhood BMI may influence pubertal timing (Ahmed et al 2009), although the causal relationship between pubertal timing and BMI may also be bidirectional. We used life history theory to predict some previously unknown associations between pubertal timing and trait expression, and drawing on experimental laboratory animal research and correlational human research, we hypothesized that some of these associations result from decreased sensitivity to pubertal androgens.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Sexual Selection and Life History: Earlier Recalled Puberty Predicts Men’s Phenotypic Masculinization

Doll

Cárdenas

Burriss

et al. 2015

Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology

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In some laboratory rodents, males' brains and behavior become less sensitive to the organizing effects of androgens across the time window surrounding puberty. Later puberty in human males has also been associated with less male-typical psychology and behavior, such as lower performance on mental rotation tasks and lower risk of substance abuse and delinquency. Here, we propose that life history (LH) theory provides a useful theoretical framework for understanding such relationships between pubertal timing and phenotypic masculinization. Because a faster male LH strategy emphasizes mating over parenting, earlier puberty may lead more generally to greater masculinization of traits that increase in sexual dimorphism at puberty and function in mating competition. In other words, we suggest that decreasing sensitivity to androgens represents a proximate mechanism that facilitates the development of mating-related adaptations in men with fast LH strategies. We tested this hypothesis in 153 men. Consistent with our hypothesis, earlier recalled pubertal timing predicted greater adult male body mass index, facial dominance, biceps circumference, and, to a lesser degree, systemizing and mental rotation ability. Some sexually dimorphic traits that were unrelated to pubertal timing in our data may have been less relevant to our male ancestors' mating success and hence to a fast LH strategy.

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Childhood obesity and the timing of puberty

Cited by 337 publications

References 66 publications

Age at Menarche and Cardiometabolic Health: A Sibling Analysis in the Scottish Family Health Study

Age at Menarche and Cardiometabolic Health: A Sibling Analysis in the Scottish Family Health Study

Craniofacial morphology in overweight and obese orthodontic adolescent patients

Sexual Selection and Life History: Earlier Recalled Puberty Predicts Men’s Phenotypic Masculinization

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