Childhood Obesity and the Food Environment: A Population‐Based Sample of Public School Children in New York City

Elbel, Brian; Tamura, Kosuke; McDermott, Zachary T.; Wu, Erilia; Schwartz, Amy Ellen

doi:10.1002/oby.22663

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In the first stage, we conducted Mahalanobis distance matching with 1:5 matching and replacement using administrative student-level data, including gender, age, grade, race and ethnicity, poverty status (defined as whether the student ever qualified for free/reduced-price lunch, as a proxy for family income below 185% of the federal poverty level), special education status, weight, and height; and neighborhood food environment variables, including count of fast-food restaurants, wait-service restaurants, convenience stores, and supermarkets within 0.50 miles of students’ residences and distance to closest food outlet (by type) from students’ residences. Restaurant variables were derived from the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Restaurant Grading data, and food store variables were derived from the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets Licensing and Inspection data . We used python package NetworkX 2.4 to calculate food outlet count variables and the network distance between residential addresses and food outlet addresses, including FRESH supermarket addresses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between a Policy to Subsidize Supermarkets in Underserved Areas and Childhood Obesity Risk

2022

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IMPORTANCEThe establishment and renovation of supermarkets may promote healthy diet practices among youth by increasing retail infrastructure for fresh foods.OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between the Food Retail Expansion to Support Health (FRESH) program and the weight status of children and adolescents.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using a difference-in-differences (DiD) design and including 12 months before and after a FRESH supermarket opened, data were analyzed for residentially stable public school students in kindergarten through 12th grade with objectively measured height and weight data from the academic years 2009 through 2016. Of the 8 FRESH-subsidized supermarkets in residential neighborhoods in New York City, New York, 5 were new and 3 were renovation projects between December 2011 and June 2014. Data were analyzed from June 2021 to January 2022. INTERVENTIONSThe treatment group included students who resided within 0.50 miles of a FRESH-subsidized supermarket and had at least 1 body mass index (BMI) measurement within 12 months before and 3 to 12 months after the month a FRESH supermarket opened (n = 22 712 student-year observations). A 2-stage matching-weighting approach was used to construct a control group of students who resided more than 0.50 miles from a FRESH supermarket in a FRESH-eligible area (n = 86 744 student-year observations).MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES BMI z score was calculated using objectively measured height and weight data from FITNESSGRAM, an annual, school-based, standardized fitness assessment of every New York City public school student. Obesity was defined as 95th percentile or greater of the BMI z score using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. RESULTSThe treatment group in the analytic sample had 11 356 students (22 712 student-year observations), and the control group had 43 372 students (86 744 student-year observations). The students were predominately Black (18.8%) and Hispanic and Latino (68.5%) and eligible for free or reduced-priced lunch (84.6%). There was a significant decrease in BMI z score among students who resided within 0.50 miles of a FRESH supermarket (vs control group students) in the 3-to 12-month follow-up period (DiD, −0.04; 95% CI, −0.06 to −0.02). This was true for those exposed to supermarkets that were either new (DiD, −0.07; 95% CI, −0.11 to −0.03) or renovated (DiD, −0.03; 95% CI, −0.06 to −0.01). A statistically significant decrease was also observed in the likelihood of obesity (DiD, −0.01; 95% CI, −0.02 to −0.002).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Government-subsidized supermarkets may contribute to a small decrease in obesity risk among children residing near those supermarkets, if part of a comprehensive policy approach.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between a Policy to Subsidize Supermarkets in Underserved Areas and Childhood Obesity Risk

2022

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“…In the Elbel et al (8) analysis of a population-based sample of public school children in New York City, proximity of fast-food restaurants was found to be inversely related to childhood obesity in the city. The authors concluded that their finding supports a need to pivot public policy toward promoting outlets that "sell healthier foods" and restrict access to "outlets selling less healthy items.…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elbel et al(8) Height and weight data (a total of 3,507,542 student-year observations) from the 2009-2013 annual FitnessGram assessment of New York City public school students were used to evaluate the relationships between weight status outcomes and the distance to several food outlet types (including supermarket) in the city. Statistical analyses utilized ordinary least squares regression modeling.Living farther than 0.025 mile from the nearest fast-food restaurant was associated with lower obesity and obesity/ overweight risk and with lower BMIz scores as calculated using FitnessGram data.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Varying Effects of the Food, Built, and Socioeconomic Environment on BMI

Kuo

2019

Obesity

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“…This happens to people who reside in the cities since restaurants and stalls almost everywhere offer fast food. This is different for those who live far removed from fast-food premises, (Elbel et al, 2020). A study in California found that residing around fast-food outlets contributes to the obesity problem among children compared to those who live far away, (Davis & Carpanter, 2009).…”

Section: Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast-Food Consumption among Children According to Shari'ah Perspective

Ramli

Omar

Jamaludin³

2021

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Fast-food consumption among children is becoming increasingly worrying as it is associated with unhealthy nutrition and its long-term health effects. This concern is due to signs of obesity among children and numerous other harmful diseases linked to low-nutrition, high-fat, and salt diets. According to Li et al. (2020), children aged 12 to 15 years in Malaysia consume fast food twice a week on average. Different factors influence fast-food intake. These include a rise in advertising, the growing number of fast-food restaurants, and shifting current lifestyles, particularly food selection. Accordingly, this study focuses on fast-food consumption from the Syari'ah point of view. This research adopts the library research, analysed selected documents, and summarised the Syari'ah rulings on fast-food consumption among children. The results show that Syari'ah ruling on fast-food consumption relies on habits of intake, fast-food sources and the side-effects on children, whether they are permissible (mubah), abominable (makruh) or prohibited (haram).

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Childhood Obesity and the Food Environment: A Population‐Based Sample of Public School Children in New York City

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

Association Between a Policy to Subsidize Supermarkets in Underserved Areas and Childhood Obesity Risk

Association Between a Policy to Subsidize Supermarkets in Underserved Areas and Childhood Obesity Risk

The Varying Effects of the Food, Built, and Socioeconomic Environment on BMI

Fast-Food Consumption among Children According to Shari'ah Perspective

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