Childhood Meningitis at King Fahad Hospital, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia

Laditan, A. A. O.; Odame, Isaac; Ogundipe, Oluyinka

doi:10.5144/0256-4947.1997.605

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Regarding gender analysis, this study demonstrated higher VM infections among males (60.9%) compared to females (39.1%). A similar observation of higher incidence of VM among males was previously reported from MENA studies, including Oman (2000–2005) ( 25 ), Tehran (1999–2005) ( 28 ), Lebanon (2008–2016) ( 22 ), and Saudi Arabia (1994–1996) ( 29 ). Concerning age, children (<1–9 years old) were the most affected group accounting for 65.5% of all VM positive cases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Epidemiology Profile of Viral Meningitis Infections Among Patients in Qatar (2015–2018)

et al. 2021

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Background: Little is known about the etiology of meningitis in the MENA region, including Qatar. Viral agents are considered the major cause for meningitis worldwide. Here, we present primary data about the etiology and clinical and demographic characteristics of viral meningitis (VM) in Qatar between 2015 and 2018.Methods: We retrospectively collected data from Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), which provides about 80% of healthcare services in Qatar. Data were collected for the period between 2015 and 2018. During this time period, 6,705 specimens were collected from patients with suspected meningitis attending HMC and primary healthcare centers. These specimens were tested for a panel of viruses using the “FTD Viral meningitis” multiplex real-time PCR kit that detects Adenovirus (ADV), Human herpesvirus 1&2 (HSV1 and HSV2), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Enteroviruses (EV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Parechovirus (PV).Results: Only 10.9% (732/6,705) of all suspected meningitis cases were caused by viral agents. 60.9% of the reported cases were males, compared to 39.1% in females. Most of the infections (73.9%) were reported in children younger than 10 years of age. EV were identified as the main causative agent (68.7%), followed by EBV (7.5%) and ADV (6.8%). Other viral agents including VZV, PV, HSV-1, and HSV-2 were also detected with a lower frequency. Confirmed VM were more prevalent among Qatari subjects compared to other nationalities. We observed no specific seasonality of viral agents, but a slight rise was recorded during the spring seasons (March to June). Fever (59.4%, 435/732) and acute central nervous system (CNS) infection (15.6%, 114/732) were initial symptoms of most cases.Conclusion: This is the first report about the molecular epidemiology of VM in Qatar. In line with the international records, our data showed that EV is responsible for 68.7% of Qatar's VM cases. Further studies are needed to genotype and serotype the identified viruses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Epidemiology Profile of Viral Meningitis Infections Among Patients in Qatar (2015–2018)

et al. 2021

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“…Of the 44 bacterial meningitis patients, 10 (23%) suffered neurologic sequelae; 6 of them had pneumococcal meningitis similar to previous reports from Kuwait [5][6][7] and elsewhere [8,11] . Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis is associated with the highest morbidity ratios [3,8] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The introduction of nationwide Hib vaccination in Kuwait lagged for several years, hence H. influenzae continued to be the leading cause of bacterial meningitis throughout the last decade of the 20th century [5][6][7] . Similar data have been reported from neighboring Saudi Arabia, where two thirds of cases were caused by H. influenzae [8] .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The virtual elimination of invasive H. influenzae disease in developed countries [3,8] and the resurgence of pneumococcus as the main causative agent in meningitis, with the highest mortality and morbidity rates, as well as increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains [3,9] have all provided impetus for the development of a pneumococcal vaccine that is effective in the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in infants and young children [3,4,9] . The 23-valent vaccine (PPV 23) is not effective under the age of 2 years [9], where most cases of invasive disease including meningitis are encountered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood Meningitis in Kuwait: Epidemiology of Etiologic Agents and the Need for Pneumococcal Disease Prevention

Shabani

Al-Ateeqi

Abu-Shanab³

et al. 2006

Med Princ Pract

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Objective: To investigate the epidemiology of the etiologic agents causing bacterial meningitis in Kuwait. Subjects and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of the medical records of children 1 month to 12 years old who had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings consistent with meningitis. Patients were identified from the records of the Departments of Microbiology and Communicable Diseases in six regional hospitals during 2001. They were divided into bacterial and viral infective groups. Results: Ninety children had CSF findings consistent with meningitis, 44 bacterial (23 culture proven, 21 probable) and 46 viral. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis were the most frequently isolated organisms (44 and 30%, respectively). A 2-month-old child had Haemophilus influenzae and was the only mortality of this series. S. pneumoniae is the leading bacterial agent causing meningitis in children under the age of 1 year; 61% had bacterial meningitis compared to 37% with viral meningitis. Sequelae were encountered in 23% of bacterial cases. Conclusion: The results indicate that S. pneumoniae is the leading bacterial agent causing meningitis, indicating a need for the introduction of polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine.

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“…(15,16) The frequency of complications was significantly higher among children with bacterial ME compared to those with viral variety of the disease, which is in accordance with several published reports. (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) This could be partially explained by the fact that the inflammatory response in the subarachnoid space as a result of bacterial infection is more severe than that due to viral infections. (23) The significantly higher frequency of ME complications among children less than one year of age is consistent with that reported by Gomes et al, (24) who reported that complications were more predominant among Brazilian children aged less than one year of age (71%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications of Acute Meningoencephalitis among Children Admitted to Al-Wahda Teaching Hospital in Aden, Yemen

Bawazeer¹

2019

YJMS

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Objective: To determine the types and frequencies of complications associated with acute meningoencephalitis (ME) among children admitted to hospitals in Aden, Yemen. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 children (1 month-14 years of age) admitted to AL-Wahda Teaching Hospital in Aden with acute ME (viral or bacterial) over the period from January to June 2010. Data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire, and data were presented as frequencies and percentages and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Differences or associations between categorical variables were considered statistically significant at P values <0.05. Results: ME complications were significantly higher among children aged less than one year compared to those aged one year or older (58.8% vs. 38.5%, respectively) and among those with bacterial ME compared to those with viral ME (79.2% vs. 30.6%, respectively). The complications were also significantly higher among children with history of illness for three or more days before their admission compared to those having been ill for less than three days (65.8 vs. 22.7%, respectively). In addition, children aged less than two years not exclusively breastfed were more prone to ME complications compared to those exclusively breastfed (93.5% vs. 50.0%, respectively). Increased intracranial pressure (ICP), anemia and hypoglycemia were the three most frequent ME complications among children admitted to Al-Wahda Teaching Hospital, being observed in 53.3%, 50.0% and 43.3% of patients, respectively. Increased ICP was significantly higher among children aged five years or older compared to those aged less than five years (88.9% vs. 47.1%, respectively). In contrast, anemia and hyperglycemia were significantly higher among children aged less than five years (56.9% and 49.0%, respectively) compared to those aged five years or older (11.1% each). Conclusions: ME complications are significantly higher among children aged less than one year, infected with bacterial ME, with history of illness for three or more days before their admission and not exclusively breastfed. Increased ICP, anemia and hypoglycemia are the three most frequent ME complications, particularly among children with bacterial ME in Aden, followed by focal neurological deficits seizures and cranial nerve palsy. Although increased ICP is significantly higher among children aged five years or older, anemia and hyperglycemia are significantly higher among children aged less than five years. Active measures to promote immunization and exclusive breastfeeding along with early diagnosis and proper treatment are highly recommended. Further large-scale studies are required to study the pattern of complications following acute ME among Yemeni children.

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Childhood Meningitis at King Fahad Hospital, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Epidemiology Profile of Viral Meningitis Infections Among Patients in Qatar (2015–2018)

Epidemiology Profile of Viral Meningitis Infections Among Patients in Qatar (2015–2018)

Childhood Meningitis in Kuwait: Epidemiology of Etiologic Agents and the Need for Pneumococcal Disease Prevention

Complications of Acute Meningoencephalitis among Children Admitted to Al-Wahda Teaching Hospital in Aden, Yemen

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