Childhood leprosy: lest we forget

Sachdeva, Sandeep; Amin, Syed Suhail; Khan, Zulfia; Sharma, Pranav; S, Bansal

doi:10.1258/td.2011.100477

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the ALERT leprosy control programme, the prevalence ranged from 12.8 to 5.0, calculated over the years 1983-1999. 12 Previous studies have shown that most cases of paediatric leprosy are in the 5-14-year age-group, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] as in this study. This might be owing to the long incubation period of leprosy and delayed diagnosis of indeterminate lesions in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…[2][3][4] Several epidemiological and clinical studies show that 5-10% of patients treated for leprosy are under 15 years of age. [5][6][7] Childhood leprosy has an important bearing on the epidemiology of the disease and reflects the level of control in a community. 7 There are several epidemiological and analytical studies of childhood leprosy on the Indian subcontinent, South America and sub-Saharan Africa; [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] however, there is limited information about this disease in rural Ethiopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7] Childhood leprosy has an important bearing on the epidemiology of the disease and reflects the level of control in a community. 7 There are several epidemiological and analytical studies of childhood leprosy on the Indian subcontinent, South America and sub-Saharan Africa; [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] however, there is limited information about this disease in rural Ethiopia. This study sought to analyze the epidemiological and clinical profiles and outcome in children and adolescents with leprosy diagnosed and treated at a rural referral hospital in southern Ethiopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The burden of leprosy in children and adolescents in rural southern Ethiopia

Ramos¹,

Reyes²,

Lemma³

et al. 2013

Paediatrics and International Child Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The burden of leprosy in children and adolescents in rural southern Ethiopia

Ramos¹,

Reyes²,

Lemma³

et al. 2013

Paediatrics and International Child Health

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“…However, very little research regarding this topic has been published. Previously, the importance of epidemiological studies has been emphasized for leprosy-affected children in endemic areas [21,22], but not for adolescents with leprosy-affected parents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-related quality of life, depression, and self-esteem in adolescents with leprosy-affected parents: results of a cross-sectional study in Nepal

2013

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BackgroundLeprosy is a chronic infectious disease that has an impact on the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) of sufferers as well as their children. To date, no study has investigated the effects of parental leprosy on the well-being of adolescent children.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in the Lalitpur and Kathmandu districts of Nepal. Adolescents with leprosy-affected parents (n = 102; aged 11–17 years) and those with parents unaffected by leprosy (n = 115; 11–17 years) were investigated. Self-reported data from adolescents were collected using the Kinder Lebensqualität Fragebogen (KINDLR) questionnaire to assess HRQOL, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare scores between the two groups. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to explore the determinants of HRQOL for adolescents with leprosy-affected parents.ResultsANCOVA revealed that the KINDLR and RSES scores were significantly lower among adolescents with leprosy-affected parents compared with unaffected parents. However, the scores of “Friends” and “School” subscales of KINDLR were similar between the two groups. The CES-D score was significantly higher among adolescents with leprosy-affected parents than for adolescents with unaffected parents. The KINDLR scores for adolescents with both parents affected (n = 41) were significantly lower than the scores for those with one parent affected (n = 61). Multiple regression analysis revealed that adolescents with leprosy-affected parents who had higher levels of depressive symptoms were more likely to have lower KINDLR scores. A similar result was seen for adolescents where both parents had leprosy.ConclusionsAdolescents with leprosy-affected parents had higher levels of depressive symptoms, lower levels of self-esteem, and lower HRQOL compared with adolescents whose parents were unaffected by leprosy. Thus, mental health support programs might be necessary for adolescents with leprosy-affected parents, particularly for adolescents where both parents are leprosy-affected. Further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to draw decisive conclusions.

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“…Although many investigators have questioned the value of these numbers based on confounding operational factors [7], one fact remains; NCD has generally exceeded prevalence. Of added concern is the increased NCD of childhood leprosy signifying active and recent transmission of disease [8], [9]. These findings provide evidence that transmission of M. leprae from infected to susceptible individuals remains a problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenge of Producing Skin Test Antigens with Minimal Resources Suitable for Human Application against a Neglected Tropical Disease; Leprosy

et al. 2014

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True incidence of leprosy and its impact on transmission will not be understood until a tool is available to measure pre-symptomatic infection. Diagnosis of leprosy disease is currently based on clinical symptoms, which on average take 3–10 years to manifest. The fact that incidence, as defined by new case detection, equates with prevalence, i.e., registered cases, suggests that the cycle of transmission has not been fully intercepted by implementation of multiple drug therapy. This is supported by a high incidence of childhood leprosy. Epidemiological screening for pre-symptomatic leprosy in large endemic populations is required to facilitate targeted chemoprophylactic interventions. Such a test must be sensitive, specific, simple to administer, cost-effective, and easy to interpret. The intradermal skin test method that measures cell-mediated immunity was explored as the best option. Prior knowledge on skin testing of healthy subjects and leprosy patients with whole or partially fractionated Mycobacterium leprae bacilli, such as Lepromin or the Rees' or Convit' antigens, has established an acceptable safety and potency profile of these antigens. These data, along with immunoreactivity data, laid the foundation for two new leprosy skin test antigens, MLSA-LAM (M. leprae soluble antigen devoid of mycobacterial lipoglycans, primarily lipoarabinomannan) and MLCwA (M. leprae cell wall antigens). In the absence of commercial interest, the challenge was to develop these antigens under current good manufacturing practices in an acceptable local pilot facility and submit an Investigational New Drug to the Food and Drug Administration to allow a first-in-human phase I clinical trial.

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Childhood leprosy: lest we forget

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

The burden of leprosy in children and adolescents in rural southern Ethiopia

The burden of leprosy in children and adolescents in rural southern Ethiopia

Health-related quality of life, depression, and self-esteem in adolescents with leprosy-affected parents: results of a cross-sectional study in Nepal

The Challenge of Producing Skin Test Antigens with Minimal Resources Suitable for Human Application against a Neglected Tropical Disease; Leprosy

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