Childhood influences on youth obesity

Classen, Timothy J.; Hokayem, Charles

doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2005.05.008

Cited by 71 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Previous research (Zhang and Wang, 2004;Classen and Hokayem, 2005) finds substantial health gradients when proxying SES with schooling, suggesting that our education-based measure is informative. As alternatives, we experimented with indicators based on: (i) the presence or absence of the father in the household when the respondent was 14; (ii) highest grade completed by the respondent's mother or father; (iii) highest Duncan Socioeconomic Index occupation score of the respondent's mother or father for the longest job held in 1978; and (iv) respondent scores on the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT), an indicator of cognitive skill measured in 1981.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Age, socioeconomic status and obesity growth

Baum

Ruhm

2009

Journal of Health Economics

214

161

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Abstract:We use panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) to examine how body weight changes with age for a cohort moving through early adulthood, to investigate how the age-obesity gradient differs with socioeconomic status (SES) and to study channels for these SES disparities. Our results show first that weight increases with age and is inversely related to SES during childhood. Second, the obesity gradient widens over the lifecycle, consistent with research on other health outcomes. Third, a substantial portion of the -effect‖ of early life conditions operates through race/ethnicity and the translation of advantaged family backgrounds during childhood into higher levels of subsequent education. By contrast, little of the SES gap appears to propagate through household composition, family income or health behaviors. Fourth, adult SES has independent effects after controlling for childhood status.

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Age, socioeconomic status and obesity growth

Baum

Ruhm

2009

Journal of Health Economics

214

161

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“…11 This global trend has affected European countries too, 10,12,13 with the British islands and the countries in the Mediterranean region presenting the highest rates of overweight and obesity in pre-school age. 14 The increase in the prevalence of obesity is considered to be due to changes in environmental factors, such as poor nutrition 15 ; increase in the calorie intake and physical inactivity [16][17][18] ; prolonged television watching 19,20 ; working and playing on computer 20 ; family socioeconomic status 7,21,22 ; parental body mass index (BMI) 2,23,24 and parental separation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight and Obesity Prevalence in Young Children Living in Athens

Afthentopoulou¹,

Kaioglou²,

Venetsanou³

2017

Public Health Open J

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Background: The last decades, the epidemiological dimensions of childhood obesity are of major concern worldwide. Given its long-term health consequences, research findings regarding overweight and obesity prevalence in young children are valuable if policies against childhood obesity are to be planned and implemented. As Greece, is one of the countries facing the problem of obesity, the aim of the present study was to assess overweight and obesity status in young children living in the capital of Greece, Athens. Methods: Seven hundred and fifty-two children (320 boys; 432 girls), aged 4-8 years (6.37±1.17 years) volunteered to participate and were divided into four age groups (4-5, 5-6, 6-7 and 7-8-year-old). Children's body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing each participant's weight (kg) by the square of standing body height (m 2 ). Overweight and obesity definition was based on the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) gender-and age-specific cut-off criteria. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight was 18.2% (18.1% boys; 18.3% girls) and of obesity 7.4% (5.6% boys; 8.8% girls). The χ 2 tests revealed that there were no significant differences in prevalence of overweight or obesity between boys and girls (χ 2 =2.76, p=.25). Regarding age groups, there was only one significant difference; that was between 6 and 7-year-old boys, with the 7-year-old surpassing the 6-year-old. Conclusions: The overweight/obesity is apparent among young Greek children at alarming levels. Carefully designed policy interventions are of great importance in order children's dietary and physical activity patterns to be improved.

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“…Second, the CCDF stipulates that mothers must be employed to qualify for a subsidy. A number of recent studies find that children of working mothers are more likely to be overweight and obese, raising concerns about the subsidy system's current emphasis on employment (Anderson et al, 2003;Ruhm, 2008;Classen & Hokayem, 2005;Fertig et al, forthcoming;Phipps et al, 2006;Courtemanche, 2007;Cawley & Liu, 2007). Finally, by defraying expenses associated with child care, subsidies increase disposable income that, in principle, can be spent on healthy foods and extracurricular activities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Child Care Subsidies and Childhood Obesity

Herbst¹,

Tekin²

2009

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. Child care subsidies play a critical role in facilitating the transition of disadvantaged mothers from welfare to work. However, little is known about the influence of these policies on children's health and well-being. In this paper, we study the impact of subsidy receipt on lowincome children's weight outcomes in the fall and spring of kindergarten. The goals of our empirical analysis are twofold. We first utilize standard OLS and fixed effects methods to explore body mass index as well as measures of overweight and obesity. We then turn to quantile regression to address the possibility that subsidy receipt has heterogeneous effects on children's weight at different points in the BMI distribution. Results suggest that subsidy receipt is associated with increases in BMI and a greater likelihood of being overweight and obese. We also find substantial variation in subsidy effects across the BMI distribution. In particular, child care subsidies have no effect on BMI at the lower end of the distribution, inconsistent effects in the middle of the distribution, and large effects at the top of the distribution. Our results point to the use of non-parental child care, particularly center-based services, as the key mechanism through which subsidies influence children's weight outcomes.JEL Classification: I12, I18, J13

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Childhood influences on youth obesity

Cited by 71 publications

References 24 publications

Age, socioeconomic status and obesity growth

Age, socioeconomic status and obesity growth

Overweight and Obesity Prevalence in Young Children Living in Athens

Child Care Subsidies and Childhood Obesity

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