Childhood Events Recalled by Children and Adults

Pillemer, David B.; White, Sheldon H.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2407(08)60291-8

Cited by 275 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It is recognized as having two phases (Pillemer & White, 1989;see Bauer, 2007, for updated discussion), which are schematically depicted in Figure 1. From the first phase-before age 3 to 4 years-most adults have few if This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.…”

Section: Discontinuity In the Personal Past: Childhood Amnesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.

Mellers¹,

Stone²,

Atanasov³

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

134

130

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This article extends psychological methods and concepts into a domain that is as profoundly consequential as it is poorly understood: intelligence analysis. We report findings from a geopolitical forecasting tournament that assessed the accuracy of more than 150,000 forecasts of 743 participants on 199 events occurring over 2 years. Participants were above average in intelligence and political knowledge relative to the general population. Individual differences in performance emerged, and forecasting skills were surprisingly consistent over time. Key predictors were (a) dispositional variables of cognitive ability, political knowledge, and openmindedness; (b) situational variables of training in probabilistic reasoning and participation in collaborative teams that shared information and discussed rationales (Mellers, Ungar, et al., 2014); and (c) behavioral variables of deliberation time and frequency of belief updating. We developed a profile of the best forecasters; they were better at inductive reasoning, pattern detection, cognitive flexibility, and open-mindedness. They had greater understanding of geopolitics, training in probabilistic reasoning, and opportunities to succeed in cognitively enriched team environments. Last but not least, they viewed forecasting as a skill that required deliberate practice, sustained effort, and constant monitoring of current affairs. A t APA, we understand how challenging it can be for you to stay abreast of the latest and best academic research on psychology. Disciplines Finance and Financial Management | Social and Behavioral Sciences

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Section: Discontinuity In the Personal Past: Childhood Amnesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.

Mellers¹,

Stone²,

Atanasov³

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

134

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sociointeractionist approaches to memory development view the emergence of autobiographical memory as a direct result of children's developing narrative skills that take place in collaboration with significant adults (Nelson & Fivush, 2004;Pillemer & White, 1989). Specifically, parent-child reminiscing teaches children how to represent and reinstate event information in linguistic forms and provides children with the necessary organizational framework around which to structure their personal memories.…”

Section: Parent-child Reminiscingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autobiographical Memory and Culture

Wang¹

2011

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

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“…In study 1, we expect a similar relationship between age and memories for the two public events. On the basis of the literature of childhood amnesia (e.g., Nelson, 1993;Rubin, 2000;Pillemer & White, 1989;Usher & Neisser, 1993), we expect this relation to be most clear for participants who were less than 8 years old at the time of the events. On the basis of the literature of PTSD in general (e.g., Procedure-Data were collected in June and July 2004 by telephone interviews.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Flashbulb memories and posttraumatic stress reactions across the life span: Age-related effects of the German occupation of Denmark during World War II.

Berntsen¹,

Rubin²

2006

Psychology and Aging

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A representative sample of older Danes were interviewed about experiences from the German occupation of Denmark in WWII. The number of participants with flashbulb memories for the German invasion (1940) and capitulation (1945) increased with participants' age at the time of the events up to age 8. Among participants under 8 years at the time of their most traumatic event, age at the time correlated positively with current level of posttraumatic stress reactions, vividness of stressful memories and their centrality to life-story and identity. These findings were replicated in Study 2 for self-nominated stressful events sampled from the entire life span using a representative sample of Danes born after 1945. The results are discussed in relation to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and childhood amnesia.Those who were children during World War II are now aging. Many of them still have vivid memories of bombardments, explosions, and gunfire against civilians. Some remember hiding, being incarcerated, being separated from their family, losing siblings or parents (Berntsen, 2005;Werner, 2000). During the World War II, more than 40 millions civilians were killed and more than 20 million children were orphaned (Werner, 2000). Even though World War II was the first war in history with more civilian than military losses (Werner, 2000), surprisingly few studies of posttraumatic stress reactions have been conducted on World War II survivors sampled from the general population (Bramsen & van der Ploeg, 1999). Most studies have concentrated on combat veterans, prisoners of war and concentration camp survivors (see Falk, Hersen & Hasselt, 1994, for a review). However, even among people who did not fight actively in the war, or who were not incarcerated, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms related to World War II may still persist (Bramsen & van der Ploeg, 1999).Since most WWII survivors who are alive today were children or adolescents at the time of the war, they offer an opportunity to examine how the development of life-long posttraumatic stress reactions may interact with the age of the child at the time of the trauma. Even though one might expect the development and life-long maintenance of such symptoms to depend at least partly on the cognitive and social maturity of the child at the time of the event, the empirical work on the development of PTSD in childhood has been highly limited (e.g., Salmon & Bryant, 2002). One aim of the present work is to help filling this gap in the literature. We use the term posttraumatic stress reactions when addressing our present work to emphasize that we do not examine PTSD as defined clinically. We do, NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript however, examine symptoms of this disorder as this disorder is described clinically (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Here, we examine posttraumatic stress reactions, vividness of traumatic memories associated with WWII as well as flashbulb memories for two key events as a function of ...

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Childhood Events Recalled by Children and Adults

Cited by 275 publications

References 32 publications

The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.

The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.

Autobiographical Memory and Culture

Flashbulb memories and posttraumatic stress reactions across the life span: Age-related effects of the German occupation of Denmark during World War II.

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