Childhood emotional expressions, educational attainment, and age at onset of illness in schizophrenia.

Recent postmortem and neuroimaging studies of schizophrenia delineate changes in brain structure and volume that appear to arise from a reduction of neuritic processes (such as dendrites and synapses) rather than loss of neuronal or glial cell bodies. To account for these findings, we propose a pathophysiological model of reduced synaptic connectivity arising from disturbances of brain development active during perinatal and adolescent periods. We review a computer simulation of the elimination of the synaptic connections that models normal cognitive development and psychotic symptom formation. We describe the model's key parameters and discuss how they can account for important aspects of schizophrenia, including its unique symptoms, short- and long-term course, typical age of onset, neurodevelopmental deficits, limited neurodegenerative progression, sex differences, and more. We discuss some of the model's predictions and questions raised for basic research, early detection, and preventive intervention.

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Schizophrenia as a Disorder of Developmentally Reduced Synaptic Connectivity

McGlashan¹,

Hoffman²

2000

Archives of General Psychiatry

599

362

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Facial expressivity in the course of schizophrenia and depression

Gäebel

Wölwer

2004

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

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This study investigates the nosological specificity and time stability of reduced facial expressivity in schizophrenia by means of objective measurement. Facial expression in an emotional interview was evaluated using the "Facial Action Coding System" in 33 acute schizophrenia patients and 23 acute depressive patients in comparison with 21 nonpatient controls, each assessed twice within 4 weeks, and in 36 partly remitted schizophrenia patients assessed twice within 3 months. Acute schizophrenia patients showed reduced facial activity especially in the upper face and in facial activity often used as communicative signs or as signs of positive emotions. As depressive patients showed a comparable pattern of facial activity, nosological specificity is questionable. This pattern remained stable in the acute illness course and was almost identical in remitted schizophrenia patients, indicating a marked time stability of attenuated facial expressivity in schizophrenia and--for the acute phase assessed--in depression.

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The role of gender differences in the reduction of etiologic heterogeneity in schizophrenia

Salem

Kring

1998

Clinical Psychology Review

118

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Childhood emotional expressions, educational attainment, and age at onset of illness in schizophrenia.

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Schizophrenia as a Disorder of Developmentally Reduced Synaptic Connectivity

Schizophrenia as a Disorder of Developmentally Reduced Synaptic Connectivity

Facial expressivity in the course of schizophrenia and depression

The role of gender differences in the reduction of etiologic heterogeneity in schizophrenia

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