Childhood chronic gastritis and duodenitis: Role of altered sensory neuromediators

Abstract

AIMTo investigate the roles of the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in chronic gastritis and duodenitis in children.METHODSBiopsy samples from the gastric and duodenal mucosa of 52 patients and 30 control subjects were obtained. Samples were taken for pathological examination, immunohistochemical staining, enzyme activity measurements and quantitative measurements of tissue peptide levels.RESULTSWe observed differential effects of the disease on peptide levels, which were somewhat different from previously reported changes in chronic gastritis in adults. Specifically, SP was increased and CGRP and VIP were decreased in patients with gastritis. The changes were more prominent at sites where gastritis was severe, but significant changes were also observed in neighboring areas where gastritis was less severe. Furthermore, the degree of changes was correlated with the pathological grade of the disease. The expression of CD10, the enzyme primarily involved in SP hydrolysis, was also decreased in patients with duodenitis.CONCLUSIONBased on these findings, we propose that decreased levels of VIP and CGRP and increased levels of SP contribute to pathological changes in gastric mucosa. Hence, new treatments targeting these molecules may have therapeutic and preventive effects.

Influence of Acrylamide Administration on the Neurochemical Characteristics of Enteric Nervous System (ENS) Neurons in the Porcine Duodenum

“…SP is one of the major factors involved in the regulation of inflammatory conditions in the GI tract via activation of NK1 receptors [55]. An increased population of SP-LI intramural neurons was observed following childhood chronic gastritis and duodenitis, gastric ulcers, and Helicobacter pylori infection [56][57][58]. Co-operation between SP and the immune cells has also been reported.…”

Galaninergic intramural nerve and tissue reaction to antral ulcerations

“…1,2 The reaction of tissues in response to inflammation can include both up-and/or downregulation of neuropeptides and receptors expression. There are several neuropeptides, such as galanin, tachykinins, calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) [3][4][5][6] which expression could be altered in the course of gastrointestinal inflammation, however, galanin, and tachykinins are known to be directly engaged in neuronal response to inflammation. 5,[7][8][9] Galanin is a 29-amino-acid neuropeptide widely expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, including the enteric nervous system.…”

Chronic gastroduodenal pathology in schoolchildren: the clinical picture and features of the course

“…Одновременно участвую на нейросенсорной регуляции в ЖКТ, на данном фоне SP влияет на увеличение миграции иммунных клеток и на выработку цитокинов, регулируя воспалительные процессы и заживление ран. В тот же время, вазоактивные кишечные пептиды оказывают противовоспалительное действие через уменьшение секреции противовоспалительных цитокинов (TNFα, IL-6 и IL-12), и через увеличение секреции цитокинов (IL-10), [10]. У детей более младшего возраста изза незрелости взаимосвязи данных механизмов, клиническое проявление ХГДП отличается от взрослых, и, следовательно, начало заболевания клинически более стёрта или маскируется под другой патологией.…”