Childhood cancer, age at diagnosis and educational attainment: A meta-analysis

Gummersall, Timothy; Skaczkowski, Gemma; Wilson, Carlene

doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.102838

Cited by 20 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Younger age at diagnosis has commonly been found to be associated with poorer neurocognitive outcomes following childhood ALL. 9 , 15 For example, Jacola and colleagues reported that survivors diagnosed prior to age 10 had lower math scores than survivors who were diagnosed at an older age. 10 Likewise, Harshman and colleagues showed that survivors diagnosed prior to the age of 5 years old had reduced academic achievement relative to those diagnosed after the age of 5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing academic performance in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia with population‐based achievement tests

et al. 2021

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Background Recent shifts from radiation to chemotherapy‐based treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have contributed to reduced long‐term morbidity. Despite this, ALL survivors remain at increased risk for long‐term cognitive impairments. Aim To identify demographic and treatment factors associated with school performance in pediatric survivors of ALL. Methods We collected standardized test scores for reading, math, and science obtained in a school setting from grades 3–11 in 63 ALL survivors (46.0% boys). Most participants were assessed across multiple grades (median number of grades n = 5, range 1–7), and 269 observations were considered in the analyses. Treatment exposures were extracted from medical records. Socio‐economic status was estimated using participation in free/reduced lunch programs at school. Mixed effects linear regression models were conducted to determine factors associated with school performance. Results ALL survivors' scores were comparable to state norms on reading, math, and science performances. On multivariable analysis, participation in free/reduced lunch programs was significantly associated with lower reading scores ( β = −12.52; 95% CI −22.26:−2.77, p = .01). Exposure to radiation during treatment was also associated with lower reading test scores ( β = −30.81, 95% CI −52.00:−9.62, p = .01). No significant associations between demographics and treatment parameters were observed for math and science test scores. Conclusions We utilized population‐based achievement tests conducted from grades 3–11 to characterize school performance in ALL survivors. Our results imply that survivors with low socio‐economic status and those exposed to radiation during treatment could benefit from early monitoring and intervention to maximize academic success.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies report evidence of low‐average academic performance and reduced academic attainment among ALL survivors 6–9 . Current evidence is primarily predicated using psychological tests to assess survivors' performance, including the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test and the Wide Range Achievement Test 6,8,10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing academic performance in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia with population‐based achievement tests

et al. 2021

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“…Interestingly, diagnosis before age 10 years negatively affected high school completion but not university graduation rates. 9 These results suggest that a childhood cancer diagnosis does not inevitably affect educational attainment, at least in high-income countries, because of access to effective treatments, ongoing monitoring, and the availability of educational and psychological support.…”

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confidence: 85%

“…A 2020 review that examined the association between age at diagnosis and educational attainment in children with cancer highlighted the impact of diagnosis, treatment, and age at diagnosis on later success at school. 9 A meta-analysis of 11 studies 9 indicated that children who survived childhood CNS cancer were less likely to graduate from high school or obtain an undergraduate degree than their healthy peers. Interestingly, diagnosis before age 10 years negatively affected high school completion but not university graduation rates.…”

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confidence: 99%

Educational attainment in displaced children with cancer

Wilson

Hutchinson

2021

The Lancet Oncology

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“…For cancer survivors, some studies established associations among learning difficulties at school, psychological well-being and household SES (14)(15)(16)(17). However, these studies show links that are not based on reproductible socioeconomic deprivation scores, and mainly focus on the evaluation of only one type of social difficulties and when the social reintegration is effective (8,10,11,15,16,(18)(19)(20)(21). The aim of this study was to estimate the psychosocial difficulties in childhood cancer survivors at the posttreatment period based on a social deprivation score.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the social deprivation on the psychosocial difficulties of pediatric cancer survivors: a prospective multicentric study

Delehaye

Dejardin

Pellier

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background The posttreatment period is a key part of the management of pediatric cancer care. At this period, psychosocial effects (scholarly and psychological difficulties) have been described in pediatric cancer patients and can be prognostic for the success of social reintegration. Psychosocial effects and their impact may be related to the household’s socioeconomic background. The aim of this study was to estimate psychosocial difficulties during the posttreatment period based on a social deprivation score. Design This study is based on a prospective multicentric study database, and focused on the children who had received psychosocial evaluation during their follow-up after cancer treatment since 01/01/2013. We retrieved data on their learning and psychological difficulties. Socioeconomic status of the household was estimated by a social deprivation score. Results 1003 patients were analyzed. Learning difficulties at school were noted in 22% of patients. A greater social deprivation was significantly associated with learning difficulty (OR=1.09 per unit of the deprivation score). Tumor relapse, treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and diagnosis of a CNS tumor remained significant risk factors. In the subgroup analysis of children with CNS tumors, learning difficulties were increased and associated with greater social deprivation. By contrast, psychological difficulties were not associated with the deprivation score. Conclusion There is a link between SE status and learning difficulties in survivors of childhood cancer. Further investigations should be carried out to confirm these results for children with CNS tumors, which is the population of the greatest concern.

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Childhood cancer, age at diagnosis and educational attainment: A meta-analysis

Cited by 20 publications

References 62 publications

Characterizing academic performance in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia with population‐based achievement tests

Characterizing academic performance in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia with population‐based achievement tests

Educational attainment in displaced children with cancer

Impact of the social deprivation on the psychosocial difficulties of pediatric cancer survivors: a prospective multicentric study

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