Childhood blindness and visual impairment in the Narayani Zone of Nepal: a population-based survey

Byanju, Raghunandan; Kandel, Ram Prasad; Sharma, Prasanna; Thapa, Hari Bahadur; Shrestha, Manisha; Bassett, Ken

doi:10.1080/09286586.2019.1604976

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In a cross-sectional observational study carried out in Brazil, at a NICU in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, involving 139 newborns between 2002 and 2004, the prevalence of ROP was 27.2%, affecting 31 neonates born with birth weight ≤1,500g and/or GA ≤32 weeks. (5) In the same study, in 72.8% of cases evaluated, no eye abnormalities were found, similar to the results of this study, in which 63.4% of all eye examinations performed in 2015 were considered normal, 64.8% in 2016, and 74.1% in 2017. (29) In 1991, Charles et al studied the incidence and characteristics of ROP in a low-income urban population in the United States and reported a prevalence of ROP in 72% of infants born with birth weight <1,200g, and in 66% of neonates born with GA ≤32 weeks.…”

Section: ❚ Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Approximately 80% of causes of blindness in children are preventable or treatable. (3)(4)(5) In Brazil, studies carried out in schools for students with visual impairment and in low vision services point to chorioretinitis due to toxoplasmosis and childhood cataract, as the main causes, and congenital glaucoma and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) as the most prevalent ones. (2) After birth, active visual screening facilitates the detection of potential causes of treatable eye anomalies.…”

Section: ❚ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3,4) Retinopathy of prematurity is among the leading causes of child blindness. (4,5) The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), American Association of Certified Orthoptists (AACO), American Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) and American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) recommend screening infants born at 28 weeks' gestational age (GA) or less, or with a birth weight of 1,500g or less. (6,7) According to the Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology (CBO) and the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP), ROP screening is indicated in premature infants born with a birth weight <1,500g or GA ≤32 weeks.…”

Section: ❚ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the prematurity retinopathy and other eye changes in the newborn

Martins¹,

Andreghetto²,

Brito³

et al. 2022

Einstein (São Paulo)

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Objective: To assess the prevalence of ophthalmologic manifestations in newborns in a maternity hospital in the city of São Paulo, SP, and the main risk factors related with the development of retinopathy of prematurity. Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal study with patients born from 2015 to 2017 who required ophthalmological evaluation. The research variables were obtained by analysis of the newborn medical charts. Results: A total of 773 patients were studied. The sample consisted of 288 examinations performed by indication of gestational age ≤32 weeks:

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Section: ❚ Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: ❚ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ❚ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of the prematurity retinopathy and other eye changes in the newborn

Martins¹,

Andreghetto²,

Brito³

et al. 2022

Einstein (São Paulo)

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“…Further, we grouped fourteen studies from SEARO [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64], and the pooled prevalence was 2.26 (95% CI: 0.85~6.01) [ Fig 8]. The heterogeneity of the estimates from the included studies was very high.…”

Section: Forest Plot Showing Prevalence Of Ure Among Gbd Sub-regions ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence and causes of pediatric uncorrected refractive error: Pooled data from population studies for Global Burden of Disease (GBD) sub-regions

Cao

Zhi³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Background There are limited systematic reviews on the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors in children. We aimed to summarize the prevalence and causes of pediatric uncorrected refractive error (URE) from studies in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) sub-regions. Methods The pooled analysis used the individual participant data (ages less than 20 years old) from population-based studies around the world by regions. URE was defined as presenting VA < 6/18 and improving to ≥ 6/18 or ≥1 line on using a pinhole in either eye, with main causes of myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism. Each study provided data on any URE, myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism by age, gender, and ethnicity. Prevalence rates were directly age and gender standardized to the 2020 world population with all age groups. Estimates were calculated by study and sub-regions after pooling. Summary estimates included studies in which URE was assessed from a pinhole-corrected refraction in the better eye. Results The combined pooled data contained 302,513,219 patients including 8 963 URE cases individuals from 57 studies. Prevalence varied by age and GBD sub-regions and differed by gender. The age- and region-standardized prevalence of URE was 3.41 per 1000 (CI, 1.53~7.62) in Western Pacific region (12 studies), 2.26 per 1000 (CI, 0.85~6.01) in South-East Asia region (14 studies), 5.85 per 1000 (CI, 3.75~9.13) in Americans (11 studies) and 4.40 per 1000 (CI, 3.0~6.45) in Eastern Mediterranean region (13 studies). On the basis of these data, myopia was the first-leading cause in female children with 12~17 age group, with the prevalence rate 18.2 per 1000 (CI, 11.52~23.61). Astigmatism was detected in 27.2 per 1000 male children with 6~11 age group (CI: 19.12–30.68). Conclusions Prevalence of URE available data within these sub-regions are widely disparate. Myopia and astigmatism in young age children continue as the leading cause of URE worldwide. Providing appropriate refractive correction to those individuals whose vision can be improved is an important public health endeavor with implications for safety and quality of life.

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“…The Nepal Pediatric Ocular Disease study in 2014 estimated a childhood blindness and severe visual impairment (visual acuity<6/60) prevalence of 70/100,000 [2]. Another study in the Narayani Zone of Nepal in 2017 estimated the prevalence of childhood blindness and severe visual impairment as 30/100,000 and moderate visual impairment as 25/100,000 [3]. Increasing the global knowledge base and planning for effective childhood eye care services is a top priority to enable children with visual impairment to realize their full visual potential [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Interventions to Improve the Follow-up Rate for Children With Visual Disabilities in an Eye Hospital in Nepal: Nonrandomized Study

Shrestha¹,

Bhandari²,

Kamalakannan³

et al. 2023

JMIR Pediatr Parent

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Background Monitoring ocular morbidity among pediatric patients requires regular follow-up visits. We found that the follow-up rate was poor among children in our setting. Therefore, we intended to assess the effectiveness of 2 interventions—(1) counseling and (2) SMS text messaging and phone calls—to improve the follow-up rates. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 interventions, counseling and SMS and phone calls group, as well as a routine standard care for improving the follow-up rate of pediatric patients. Methods A Nonrandomized, quasiexperimental design was used. Children (aged 0-16 years) with ocular conditions requiring at least 3 follow-up visits during the study period were included. A total of 264 participants were equally allocated to the 3 intervention groups of (1) counseling, (2) SMS and phone calls, and (3) routine standard care group. A 20-minute counseling session by a trained counselor with the provision of disease-specific leaflets were given to those in the counseling group. For the second intervention group, parents of children received an SMS text 3 days before and a phone call 1 day before their scheduled follow-up visits. Participants allocated for the routine standard care group were provided with the existing services with no additional counseling and reminders. Participants attending 3 follow-ups within 2 days of the scheduled visit date were considered compliant. The difference in and among the proportion of participants completing all 3 follow-up visits in each group was assessed. Results The demographic characteristics of the participants were similar across the study groups. Only 3% (8/264) of participants completed all 3 follow-up visits, but overall compliance with the follow-up, as defined by the investigators, was found to be only 0.76% (2/264). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of follow-up between the intervention groups. However, the proportion of participants attending the first and second follow-ups, as well as the overall total number of follow-ups, was more in the SMS and phone-call group followed by the counseling group. Conclusions We did not find any evidence on the effectiveness of our interventions to improve the follow-up rate. The primary reason could be that this study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. It could also be possible that the intensity of the interventions may have influenced the outcomes. A rigorously designed study during the absence of any lockdown restrictions is warranted to evaluate intervention effectiveness. The study also provides useful insights and highlights the importance of designing and systematically developing interventions for improving the follow-up rate and ensuring a continuum of care to children with visual disabilities in Nepal and similar contexts. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04837534; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04837534 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/31578

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Childhood blindness and visual impairment in the Narayani Zone of Nepal: a population-based survey

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Evaluation of the prematurity retinopathy and other eye changes in the newborn

Evaluation of the prematurity retinopathy and other eye changes in the newborn

The prevalence and causes of pediatric uncorrected refractive error: Pooled data from population studies for Global Burden of Disease (GBD) sub-regions

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Interventions to Improve the Follow-up Rate for Children With Visual Disabilities in an Eye Hospital in Nepal: Nonrandomized Study

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