Childhood Autism Rating Scales

Grissom, Maureen

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1530

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The patient’s ASD symptoms were assessed by assessors who were blind to the patient’s past ASD symptomatology. Assessors used the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) [ 38 ], an observation-based rating scale to assess developmental delay in children with autism (range of CARS scores is 15 - 60; a score > 28 is indicative of autism; higher score is positively correlated with degree of severity), at baseline and again at six timepoints post-FMT.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements in Gut Microbiome Composition and Clinical Symptoms Following Familial Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Nineteen-Year-Old Adolescent With Severe Autism

Hazan,

Haroon,

Jordan

et al. 2024

J Med Cases

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This case report describes a novel therapy for patients with severe autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that is worth further investigation. A 19-year-old male adolescent with ASD, who was not responding to standard treatment received fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) using donor material from his typically developing female sibling. The patient’s ASD symptoms were assessed by assessors who were blind to the patient’s past ASD symptomatology. Assessors used the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), an observation-based rating scale to assess developmental delay in children with autism (range of CARS scores is 15 - 60; a score > 28 is indicative of autism; higher score is positively correlated with degree of severity), at baseline and again at six timepoints post-FMT. The patient experienced marked improvements in microbiome diversity and composition over the year and a half period that followed the FMT procedure. Additionally, the patient who was previously nonverbal said his first two words and experienced a reduction in aggression 1-month post-FMT. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the use of familial FMT in an adolescent patient with ASD. Given that ASD symptom improvements post-FMT tend to occur in younger patients, the authors hypothesize that the use of a familial donor may be an important factor that contributed to the improved outcomes experienced by this older child.

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Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements in Gut Microbiome Composition and Clinical Symptoms Following Familial Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Nineteen-Year-Old Adolescent With Severe Autism

Hazan,

Haroon,

Jordan

et al. 2024

J Med Cases

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“…Each of the above-mentioned areas is assessed on a four-point scale, for which 1-the child's behavior is appropriate for the age (score 1.5), 2-the child's reactions are slightly abnormal (score 2.5), 3-the child's reactions are moderately abnormal (score 3.5), and 4-where the child's reactions are very abnormal (score 4). Obtaining higher scores by a child is associated with a higher level of impairment [55,56]. The percent of patients with ASD in the individual scoring ranges showed that 73.33% of the study group had the highest score in the range > 3-4.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Correlation Between Childhood Autism Rating ...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Research into the Association of Cadmium and Manganese Excretion with Thyroid Function and Behavioral Areas in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Błażewicz

Grywalska

Macek

et al. 2022

JCM

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Thyroid dysfunction and toxic metal exposure have been linked to the increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD); however, the relationship between those factors remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the serum level of hormones, namely thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and urinary cadmium (U-Cd) and urinary manganese (U-Mn), in patients with ASD. The study group consisted of 129 adolescents with ASD, and the control group consisted of 86 healthy persons. Ion chromatography with spectrophotometric detection (IC-UV/ViS) was used to quantitatively determine Cd and Mn in all 24-h urine samples. These results indicate that severity of certain symptoms in autism is associated with thyroid function. Correlation analysis between Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) results and the content of both U-Mn and U-Cd as well as fT3, fT4 and TSH values in ASD patients showed significantly positive correlation of CARS7 (visual reaction) with fT3 and fT4 and a negative correlation with TSH for the whole study group. In the group of adolescents over 14 years of age, it was also observed that CARS10 (anxiety reaction) negatively correlates with serum TSH levels, and among younger individuals, CARS9 (near receptor responsiveness, taste, smell) positively correlates with TSH.

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“…In two out of seven studies (29%), only the ADOS was adopted as the assessment tool [19,22]. In one study (14%), the ADI-R and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) [27] were both used to diagnose individuals with ASD together with the Weschler Abbreviated Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS III) [28], a useful assessment tool to evaluate the intellectual quotient (IQ) of patients diagnosed with ASD [24]. No use of psychodiagnostic tests to support the diagnosis of ASD was documented in the study of Topal et al (14%) [23].…”

Section: Evaluation Of Cranio-facial Characteristics In Asd Individualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranio-Facial Characteristics in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review

Quatrosi,

Genovese,

Galliano

et al. 2024

JCM

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) consist of a complex group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by qualitative impairments of social interactions, communication abilities, and a limited, stereotyped, and repetitive selection of interests and activities. In light of the imperative to identify a possible biomarker for ASD, it has been determined that craniofacial anomalies serve as significant risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders. The aim of this scoping review is to deepen the knowledge of the scientific literature related to cranio-facial characteristics in individuals with ASD, with a particular focus on recent research advancements. The review was performed by employing the search strings ((“Autism Spectrum Disorder” OR autism OR ASD OR “Autism Spectrum”) AND (“facial morphology” OR “facial phenotype”)) on the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and ERIC as of March 9, 2023. The review comprised seven studies whose findings were obtained through quantitative analysis of Euclidean distances between anatomical landmarks. The examination of facial abnormalities represents a possible reliable diagnostic biomarker that could aid in the timely identification of ASD. Phenotypic characteristics that may serve as predictive indicators of the severity of autistic symptoms can be observed in certain individuals with ASD by applying anthropometric and instrumental measurements. The presence of a phenotype characterised by an increased intercanthal distance and a reduced facial midline height appears to be associated with a higher degree of severity in autistic symptoms. In addition, it is worth noting that facial asymmetry and facial masculinity can be considered reliable indicators for predicting a more severe manifestation of symptoms.

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Childhood Autism Rating Scales

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Improvements in Gut Microbiome Composition and Clinical Symptoms Following Familial Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Nineteen-Year-Old Adolescent With Severe Autism

Improvements in Gut Microbiome Composition and Clinical Symptoms Following Familial Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Nineteen-Year-Old Adolescent With Severe Autism

Research into the Association of Cadmium and Manganese Excretion with Thyroid Function and Behavioral Areas in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Cranio-Facial Characteristics in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review

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