Childhood Asthma after Bacterial Colonization of the Airway in Neonates

Bisgaard, Hans; Hermansen, Mette Northman; Buchvald, Frederik; Loland, Lotte; Halkjær, Liselotte Brydensholt; Bønnelykke, Klaus; Brasholt, Martin; Heltberg, Andreas; Vissing, Nadja Hawwa; Thorsen, Sannie Vester; Stage, Malene; Pipper, Christian Bressen

doi:10.1056/nejmoa052632

Cited by 880 publications

(901 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It is possible that the immunoreconstitution of CD4 + T cells with HAART therapy plays a role in an inflammatory response as active CD4 + T cells initially confront HIV antigens or those of opportunistic organisms colonizing the airway 27,28 that results in a clinical state of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (Fig 3). It is reasonable to speculate that inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13), may participate in this production of asthma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased incidence of asthma in HIV-infected children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy in the National Institutes of Health Women and Infants Transmission Study

Foster

McIntosh

Thompson

et al. 2008

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased incidence of asthma in HIV-infected children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy in the National Institutes of Health Women and Infants Transmission Study

Foster

McIntosh

Thompson

et al. 2008

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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“…In infants the respiratory microbiome may be particularly important, as the upper respiratory tract is the site of many infections, which are one of the main health concerns at this life stage. The respiratory tract microbiome is increasingly considered to play an important role as modulator of respiratory infections as well as other respiratory disorders, such as wheezing and asthma (Bisgaard et al, 2007;Teo et al, 2015;Van den Bergh et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the maternal vaginal microbiota play a role in seeding the microbiota of neonatal gut and nose?

Sakwińska

Foata

Berger

et al. 2017

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The acquisition and early maturation of infant microbiota is not well understood despite its likely influence on later health. We investigated the contribution of the maternal microbiota to the microbiota of infant gut and nose in the context of mode of delivery and feeding. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and specific qPCR, we profiled microbiota of 42 mother-infant pairs from the GUSTO birth cohort, at body sites including maternal vagina, rectum and skin; and infant stool and nose. In our study, overlap between maternal vaginal microbiota and infant faecal microbiota was minimal, while the similarity between maternal rectal microbiota and infant microbiota was more pronounced. However, an infant's nasal and gut microbiota were no more similar to that of its own mother, than to that of unrelated mothers. These findings were independent of delivery mode. We conclude that the transfer of maternal vaginal microbes play a minor role in seeding infant stool microbiota. Transfer of maternal rectal microbiota could play a larger role in seeding infant stool microbiota, but approaches other than the generally used analyses of community similarity measures are likely to be needed to quantify bacterial transmission. We confirmed the clear difference between microbiota of infants born by Caesarean section compared to vaginally delivered infants and the impact of feeding mode on infant gut microbiota. Only vaginally delivered, fully breastfed infants had gut microbiota dominated by Bifidobacteria. Our data suggest that reduced transfer of maternal vaginal microbial is not the main mechanism underlying the differential infant microbiota composition associated with Caesarean delivery. The sources of a large proportion of infant microbiota could not be identified in maternal microbiota, and the sources of seeding of infant gut and nasal microbiota remain to be elucidated.

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“…The microbiome in early childhood may play a role in the development of asthma [8], while specific components of the microbiome are associated with chronic asthma in adulthood [9]. As has been described by the ''hygiene hypothesis'' for asthma pathogenesis, exposure to a normal commensal microbiome may promote immune tolerance, which is necessary for normal immune system maturation and control of inflamma-tion [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lung Microbiome in Moderate and Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Pragman¹,

Kim²,

Reilly³

et al. 2014

Annals ATS

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disorder characterized by incompletely reversible airflow obstruction. Bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract contributes to approximately 50% of COPD exacerbations. Even during periods of stable lung function, the lung harbors a community of bacteria, termed the microbiome. The role of the lung microbiome in the pathogenesis of COPD remains unknown. The COPD lung microbiome, like the healthy lung microbiome, appears to reflect microaspiration of oral microflora. Here we describe the COPD lung microbiome of 22 patients with Moderate or Severe COPD compared to 10 healthy control patients. The composition of the lung microbiomes was determined using 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Sequences were analyzed using mothur, Ribosomal Database Project, Fast UniFrac, and Metastats. Our results showed a significant increase in microbial diversity with the development of COPD. The main phyla in all samples were Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. Principal coordinate analyses demonstrated separation of control and COPD samples, but samples did not cluster based on disease severity. However, samples did cluster based on the use of inhaled corticosteroids and inhaled bronchodilators. Metastats analyses demonstrated an increased abundance of several oral bacteria in COPD samples.

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Childhood Asthma after Bacterial Colonization of the Airway in Neonates

Abstract: Neonates colonized in the hypopharyngeal region with S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, or M. catarrhalis, or with a combination of these organisms, are at increased risk for recurrent wheeze and asthma early in life.

Cited by 880 publications

References 21 publications

Increased incidence of asthma in HIV-infected children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy in the National Institutes of Health Women and Infants Transmission Study

Increased incidence of asthma in HIV-infected children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy in the National Institutes of Health Women and Infants Transmission Study

Does the maternal vaginal microbiota play a role in seeding the microbiota of neonatal gut and nose?

The Lung Microbiome in Moderate and Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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