Childhood and Adolescent Depression: A Review of the Past 10 Years. Part II

Birmaher, Boris; Ryan, Neal D.; Williamson, Douglas E.; Brent, David A.; Kaufman, Joan

doi:10.1097/00004583-199612000-00008

Cited by 370 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Compared to adults, children and adolescents suffering from depression appear to respond less robustly to traditional antidepressant treatments (for a review, see Birmaher et al 1996). At least in adults, one feature common to many antidepressants is the ability to suppress REM sleep and prolong REM latency (Sharpley and Cowen 1995;Staner et al 1995;Vogel et al 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Effects of Scopolamine on REM Sleep Regulation in Normal Control Subjects Relationship to Sleep Abnormalities in Depression

Rao

Lutchmansingh

Poland

1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

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In order to assess the influence of development on the regulation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by cholinergic systems, the REM sleep responses toElectroencephalographic (EEG) sleep changes associated with major depressive disorder are among the most well replicated findings in adult patients (for a review, see Benca et al. 1992). Perhaps the most dramatic changes occur with respect to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep measures.Despite the evidence for continuities in mood disorders across the life span (Kovacs 1996), the manifestation of comparable REM sleep abnormalities appears to occur less frequently in early onset depression (reviewed in Rao et al. 1996). The mechanisms for this disparity are unclear. One possibility is that circadian and ultradian rhythms are more desynchronized in youngsters with depression, thus not allowing the REM sleep abnormalities, particularly the shortening of REM latency, to be easily detected (Teicher et al. 1993). Another possibility is that slow-wave sleep pressure is greater than REM sleep pressure in youngsters so that the shortening of REM sleep latency is constrained (Borbely 1982).Furthermore, it is possible that the neurotransmitter circuitry involved in REM sleep regulation is not fully mature in youngsters. Thus, shortened REM latency or increased REM activity and density in depression

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Effects of Scopolamine on REM Sleep Regulation in Normal Control Subjects Relationship to Sleep Abnormalities in Depression

Rao

Lutchmansingh

Poland

1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…Um estudo realizado nos EUA, utilizando os critérios do DSM-IV, obteve prevalência de TDi de 0,9% em pré-escolares, 1,9% em escolares e 4,7% em adolescentes 20 . Em outra revisão, os autores relataram prevalência de 2% em crianças, entre 4 e 8% em adolescentes, comprometendo igualmente meninos e meninas na infância, mas duas vezes mais meninas na adolescência 21,22 . No Brasil, um estudo epidemiológico sobre prevalência de TDM encontrou valores de 0,4 a 3% em crianças e de 3,3 a 12,4% em adolescentes 23 .…”

Section: Epidemiologiaunclassified

Mood disorders in children and adolescents: update for pediatricians

Farias¹,

Cordeiro²

2011

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objectives: To review epidemiological and etiologic aspects of diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders (MDs) in children and adolescents, with a focus on essential information for pediatricians. Sources:A literature search on MEDLINE, a review of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (text revision) (DSM-IV-TR), and a critical analysis of current diagnostic criteria and scientific evidence regarding the etiology of mood disorders were performed. Summary of the findings:We identified diverging opinions for and against the proposition of using the same criteria used for adults, as listed in the DSM-IV-TR, for diagnosing mood disorders in children and adolescents. Although there has been much debate in the literature on this topic in the last decade, there remains a concern that there may be a significant under-diagnosis of cases due to differing methods. Several epidemiological studies conducted in pediatric populations using different criteria and methods make it difficult to interpret the data currently published. Although the field of neurosciences has achieved major advances in understanding these pathologies, additional investigations are needed to gain a clearer picture of how genetic and environmental factors interact and influence the origin and severity of the disease and the patient's response to treatment. Conclusions:MDs have a high prevalence in childhood and adolescence and have major long-term impacts on sufferer's lives. There is a need to improve diagnostic criteria, adapting them for the pediatric population, with the objective of making it simpler for clinicians, particularly pediatricians, to make diagnoses and initiate early intervention. Advances in the area of epigenetics may aid in the development of new preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(5):373-81:Mental health, child behavior, mood disorders, depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, differential diagnosis, comorbidity, epigenetics. ResumoObjetivos: Revisar aspectos epidemiológicos e etiológicos do diagnóstico e tratamento dos transtornos do humor em crianças e adolescentes, com foco em conteúdos essenciais para médicos pediatras. Fontes dos dados:Revisão da literatura no banco de dados da MEDLINE. Utilização das recomendações da quarta edição do texto revisado do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais da Associação Americana de Psiquiatria. Análise crítica dos atuais critérios diagnósticos e teorias científicas sobre etiologia dos transtornos do humor. Síntese dos dados:Foram identificadas opiniões discordantes e congruentes sobre a efetividade de se utilizar os mesmos critérios atualmente listados no Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais para diagnóstico de transtornos do humor em adultos, adolescentes e crianças. Embora esse tópico tenha sido muito debatido na literatura dos últimos 10 anos, a percepção é de que uma porcentagem significativa de casos continuam sendo subdiagnostic...

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“…Depression is another commonly studied measure of health and wellbeing among adolescents and young adults [11][12][13][14][15]. First onset is usually in adolescence [11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First onset is usually in adolescence [11][12]. Depression early in life can have serious implications for the individuals' school performance, school absence and dropout and later professional careers [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%