Childhood adversity in schizophrenia: a systematic meta-analysis

Matheson, Sandra; Shepherd, Alana M.; Pinchbeck, R. M.; Laurens, Kristin R.; Carr, V. J.

doi:10.1017/s0033291712000785

Cited by 336 publications

(259 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…13 There is some suggestion that experiences of adverse and stressful life events, either during childhood or adulthood, are associated with a three-to fourfold increased risk of schizophrenia. [19][20][21] Second, refugee groups within Canada also face substantial adversity, such as housing instability, economic hardships, difficulties accessing health care, and a lack of educational and employment opportunities. 22 Findings from a large metaanalysis suggest that postmigration conditions moderate mental health outcomes among refugees, and factors such as access to private accommodation and economic opportunities for refugees may help to mitigate the effects of premigration stressors.…”

Section: Role Of Refugee Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of psychotic disorders among first-generation immigrants and refugees in Ontario

Anderson

Cheng

Süsser

et al. 2015

CMAJ

117

125

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Background: Evidence suggests that migrant groups have an increased risk of psychotic disorders and that the level of risk varies by country of origin and host country. Canadian evidence is lacking on the incidence of psychotic disorders among migrants. We sought to examine the incidence of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders in first-generation immigrants and refugees in the province of Ontario, relative to the general population. Methods:We constructed a retrospective cohort that included people aged 14-40 years residing in Ontario as of Apr. 1, 1999. Population-based administrative data from physician billings and hospital admissions were linked to data from Citizenship and Immigration Canada. We used Poisson regression models to calculate age-and sex-adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for immigrant and refugee groups over a 10-year period.Results: In our cohort (n = 4 284 694), we found higher rates of psychotic disorders among immigrants from the Caribbean and Bermuda (IRR 1.60, 95% CI 1.29-1.98). Lower rates were found among immigrants from northern Europe (IRR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28-0.91), southern Europe (IRR 0.60, 95% CI 0.41-0.90) and East Asia (IRR 0.56, 95% CI 0.41-0.78). Refugee status was an independent predictor of risk among all migrants (IRR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.56), and higher rates were found specifically for refugees from East Africa (IRR 1.95, 95% CI 1.44-2.65) and South Asia (IRR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08-2.12). Interpretation:The differential pattern of risk across ethnic subgroups in Ontario suggests that psychosocial and cultural factors associated with migration may contribute to the risk of psychotic disorders. Some groups may be more at risk, whereas others are protected. AbstractCMAJ Podcasts: author interview at soundcloud.com/cmajpodcasts/psychotic-disorders See also www.cmaj.ca/lookup

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Section: Role Of Refugee Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of psychotic disorders among first-generation immigrants and refugees in Ontario

Anderson

Cheng

Süsser

et al. 2015

CMAJ

117

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A recent meta-analysis reported increased rates of childhood abuse (including physical abuse, sexual abuse and neglect) in people with schizophrenia compared to both controls and those suffering from anxious disorders (Matheson, Shepherd, Pinchbeck, Laurens, & Carr, 2013). An earlier review suggested that there was a particular relationship between childhood sexual abuse and hallucinations in adulthood (Read, Os, Morrison, & Ross, 2005).…”

Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment and Violence to Others in Individuals With Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Green

Browne

Chou

2017

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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Acknowledgements: We are grateful for Dr E Baldwin (PhD, CPsychol, AFBPsS) for her work as an independent second assessor.Declaration of interest: none of the authors has conflict of interest. 2The relationship between childhood maltreatment and violence to others in individuals with psychosis: a systematic review and metaanalysis Abstract Background: There is a growing body of literature identifying a relationship between experiences of

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“…However, 9 out of 10 studies that examined this issue were in support of a dose-response relation. 12 In another recent meta-analysis, 13 the specificity of the association between CT and psychosis was investigated. The authors included studies investigating CT in schizophrenia patients compared with nonpsychiatric control subjects (n = 7), affective psychosis (n = 8), anxiety disorders (n = 7), depressive disorders (n = 7), dissociative disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (n = 4), other psychosis (n = 3), and, compared with personality disorders (n = 3).…”

Section: Evidence For Associationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Trauma as a Cause of Psychosis: Linking Genes, Psychology, and Biology

et al. 2013

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Recent studies have provided robust evidence for an association between childhood trauma (CT) and psychosis. Meta-analyses have quantified the association, pointing to odds ratios in the order of around 3, and prospective studies have shown that reverse causation is unlikely to explain the association. However, more work is needed to address the possibility of a gene-environment correlation, that is, whether genetic risk for psychosis predicts exposure to CT. Nevertheless, multiple studies have convincingly shown that the association between CT and psychosis remains strong and significant when controlling for genetic risk, in agreement with a possible causal association. In addition, several studies have shown plausible psychological and neurobiological mechanisms linking adverse experiences to psychosis, including induction of social defeat and reduced self-value, sensitization of the mesolimbic dopamine system, changes in the stress and immune system, and concomitant changes in stress-related brain structures, such as the hippocampus and the amygdala, findings that should be integrated, however, in more complex models of vulnerability. It is currently unclear whether genetic vulnerability plays a role in conferring the mental consequences of adversity, and which genes are likely to be involved. The current, limited evidence points to genes that are not specifically involved in psychosis but more generally in regulating mood (serotonin transporter gene), neuroplasticity (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), and the stress-response system (FKBP5), in line with a general effect of CT on a range of mental disorders, rather than suggesting specificity for psychosis. W W W Traumatisme d'enfance comme cause de psychose : lier gènes, psychologie et biologieDes études récentes ont produit de solides données probantes de l'association entre un traumatisme d'enfance (TE) et la psychose. Des méta-analyses ont quantifié l'association, chiffrant les rapports de cotes de l'ordre de 3, et des études prospectives ont montré que la causalité inverse n'est pas susceptible d'expliquer l'association. Cependant, il faut plus de travaux pour étudier la possibilité d'une corrélation gène-environnement, c'est-à-dire, si le risque génétique de psychose prédit l'exposition au TE. Néanmoins, de nombreuses études ont démontré de façon convaincante que l'association entre TE et psychose demeure forte et significative lors d'un contrôle pour le risque génétique, ce qui concorde avec une possible association causale. En outre, plusieurs études ont démontré des mécanismes psychologiques et neurobiologiques plausibles qui lient les expériences indésirables à la psychose, notamment l'induction de la défaite sociale ou de l'estime de soi réduite, la sensibilisation du système de dopamine mésolimbique, les changements du système de stress et immunitaire, et les changements concomitants des structures cérébrales liées au stress, comme l'hippocampe et l'amygdale. Ces résultats devraient toutefois être intégrés à des modèles de vulnérabilité plus com...

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Childhood adversity in schizophrenia: a systematic meta-analysis

Cited by 336 publications

References 53 publications

Incidence of psychotic disorders among first-generation immigrants and refugees in Ontario

Incidence of psychotic disorders among first-generation immigrants and refugees in Ontario

The Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment and Violence to Others in Individuals With Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Childhood Trauma as a Cause of Psychosis: Linking Genes, Psychology, and Biology

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