Childhood acute leukaemia and residential 16.7 Hz magnetic fields in Germany

Schüz, Joachim; Grigat, Jan-Peter; Brinkmann, Karl; Michaelis, Jörg

doi:10.1054/bjoc.2000.1630

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…(34,79), and an odds ratio of 1.1 (95% CI = 0.31-4.06) was linked with point-in-time measurements ≥0.13 µT taken in the child's bedroom in a study in southern Ontario, Canada (based on 21 cases) ( Table 1) (36). The latest study is from Germany and showed a relative risk of 1.6 (0.7-3.7) for 0.2 µT and 3.2 (1.3-7.8) for nighttime exposure (80).…”

Section: Childhood Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the epidemiologic literature on EMF and Health.

Ahlbom

Cardis

Green

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

132

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Exposures to extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF) emanating from the generation, transmission, and use of electricity are a ubiquitous part of modern life. Concern about potential adverse health effects was initially brought to prominence by an epidemiologic report two decades ago from Denver on childhood cancer. We reviewed the now voluminous epidemiologic literature on EMF and risks of chronic disease and conclude the following: a) The quality of epidemiologic studies on this topic has improved over time and several of the recent studies on childhood leukemia and on cancer associated with occupational exposure are close to the limit of what can realistically be achieved in terms of size of study and methodological rigor. b) Exposure assessment is a particular difficulty of EMF epidemiology, in several respects: i) The exposure is imperceptible, ubiquitous, has multiple sources, and can vary greatly over time and short distances. ii) The exposure period of relevance is before the date at which measurements can realistically be obtained and of unknown duration and induction period. iii) The appropriate exposure metric is not known and there are no biological data from which to impute it. c) In the absence of experimental evidence and given the methodological uncertainties in the epidemiologic literature, there is no chronic disease for which an etiological relation to EMF can be regarded as established. d) There has been a large body of high quality data for childhood cancer, and also for adult leukemia and brain tumor in relation to occupational exposure. Among all the outcomes evaluated in epidemiologic studies of EMF, childhood leukemia in relation to postnatal exposures above 0.4 microT is the one for which there is most evidence of an association. The relative risk has been estimated at 2.0 (95% confidence limit: 1.27-3.13) in a large pooled analysis. This is unlikely to be due to chance but, may be, in part, due to bias. This is difficult to interpret in the absence of a known mechanism or reproducible experimental support. In the large pooled analysis only 0.8% of all children were exposed above 0.4 microT. Further studies need to be designed to test specific hypotheses such as aspects of selection bias or exposure. On the basis of epidemiologic findings, evidence shows an association of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with occupational EMF exposure although confounding is a potential explanation. Breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, and suicide and depression remain unresolved.

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Section: Childhood Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the epidemiologic literature on EMF and Health.

Ahlbom

Cardis

Green

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

132

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“…A 3.3-fold increase (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5-23.7) of leukemia was linked with 24-hr children's bedroom timeweighted average measurements ≥0.2 µT in a study in New Zealand (based on 5 cases) (34,79), and an odds ratio of 1.1 (95% CI = 0.31-4.06) was linked with point-in-time measurements ≥0.13 µT taken in the child's bedroom in a study in southern Ontario, Canada (based on 21 cases) ( Table 1) (36). The latest study is from Germany and showed a relative risk of 1.6 (0.7-3.7) for 0.2 µT and 3.2 (1.3-7.8) for nighttime exposure (80).…”

Section: Childhood Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Epidemiologic Literature on EMF and Health

Ahlbom¹,

Cardis²,

Green³

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Similarly to WPR, medically preconditioned individuals were suggested to be more susceptible to EHS as their survival rate was found to decrease under EMF exposure [ 6 ]. Especially high current power lines, such as railway electrification operating at 16.7 Hz, raised concerns claiming increased risk for childhood leukemia [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Pinpointing the molecular causality for symptoms accounted to EHS to be indeed caused by EMF is complicated by the complex human system responding to the fluctuating factors of the modern environment that it is exposed to on a daily basis, such as (viral) infections, medication and psychological factors like stress, but also the wide range of frequencies and field strengths emitted from different devices (e.g., smartphones, TV, WiFi, radio) [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Oxidative and Immune Regulatory Responses of THP-1 and PBMC to Pulsed EMF Are Field-Strength Dependent

Groiss

Lammegger

Brislinger

2021

IJERPH

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Innate immune cells react to electromagnetic fields (EMF) by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), crucial intracellular messengers. Discrepancies in applied parameters of EMF studies, e.g., flux densities, complicate direct comparison of downstream anti-oxidative responses and immune regulatory signaling. We therefore compared the impact of different EMF flux densities in human leukemic THP1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors to additionally consider a potential disparate receptivity based on medical origin. ROS levels increased in THP1 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) after one hour of EMF exposure. Moreover, weak EMF mitigated the depletion of the reducing agent NAD(P)H in THP1. Neither of these effects occurred in PBMC. Landscaping transcriptional responses to varied EMF revealed elevation of the anti-oxidative enzymes PRDX6 (2-fold) and DHCR24 (6-fold) in THP1, implying involvement in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, our study confirmed anti-inflammatory effects of EMF by 6-fold increased expression of IL10. Strikingly, THP1 responded to weak EMF, while PBMC were primarily affected by strong EMF, yet with severe cellular stress and enhanced rates of apoptosis, indicated by HSP70 and caspase 3 (CASP3). Taken together, our results emphasize an altered susceptibility of immune cells of different origin and associate EMF-related effects with anti-inflammatory signaling and lipid metabolism.

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Childhood acute leukaemia and residential 16.7 Hz magnetic fields in Germany

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Review of the epidemiologic literature on EMF and Health.

Review of the epidemiologic literature on EMF and Health.

Review of the Epidemiologic Literature on EMF and Health

Anti-Oxidative and Immune Regulatory Responses of THP-1 and PBMC to Pulsed EMF Are Field-Strength Dependent

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