Abstract:Results are consistent with previous findings, and contribute to give support to the reliability and validity of the Inventory. The findings provide an additional and useful insight into practical ways of enhancing a woman's confidence to coping with childbirth: self-efficacy can be strengthened through persuasion by healthcare professionals, childbirth educators, and family and friends who offer support to the pregnant woman.
“…The CBSEI is a 62-item measure that has two subscales for efficacy expectations and two for outcome expectations. The reliability and validity of the CBSEI has been supported across a variety of populations (Cunqueiro, 2009; Gao, Ip, & Sun, 2011; Sinclair & O’Boyle, 1999). …”
Objective
To synthesize and critique the quantitative literature on measuring childbirth self-efficacy and the effect of childbirth self-efficacy on perinatal outcomes.
Data Sources
Eligible studies were identified through searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases.
Study Selection
Published research using a tool explicitly intended to measure childbirth self-efficacy and also examining outcomes within the perinatal period were included. All manuscripts were in English and published in peer-reviewed journals.
Data Extraction
First author, country, year of publication, reference and definition of childbirth self-efficacy, measurement of childbirth self-efficacy, sample recruitment and retention, sample characteristics, study design, interventions (with experimental and quasi-experimental studies), and perinatal outcomes were extracted and summarized.
Data Synthesis
Of 619 publications, 23 studies published between 1983 and 2015 met inclusion criteria and were critiqued and synthesized in this review.
Conclusions
There is overall consistency in how childbirth self-efficacy is defined and measured among studies, facilitating comparison and synthesis. Our findings suggest that increased childbirth self-efficacy is associated with a wide variety of improved perinatal outcomes. Moreover, there is evidence that childbirth self-efficacy is a psychosocial factor that can be modified through various efficacy-enhancing interventions. Future researchers will be able to build knowledge in this area through: (a) utilization of experimental and quasi-experimental design; (b) recruitment and retention of more diverse samples; (c) explicit reporting of definitions of terms (e.g. ‘high risk’); (d) investigation of interventions that increase childbirth self-efficacy during pregnancy; and, (e) investigation regarding how childbirth self-efficacy enhancing interventions might lead to decreased active labor pain and suffering. Exploratory research should continue to examine the potential association between higher prenatal childbirth self-efficacy and improved early parenting outcomes.
“…The CBSEI is a 62-item measure that has two subscales for efficacy expectations and two for outcome expectations. The reliability and validity of the CBSEI has been supported across a variety of populations (Cunqueiro, 2009; Gao, Ip, & Sun, 2011; Sinclair & O’Boyle, 1999). …”
Objective
To synthesize and critique the quantitative literature on measuring childbirth self-efficacy and the effect of childbirth self-efficacy on perinatal outcomes.
Data Sources
Eligible studies were identified through searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases.
Study Selection
Published research using a tool explicitly intended to measure childbirth self-efficacy and also examining outcomes within the perinatal period were included. All manuscripts were in English and published in peer-reviewed journals.
Data Extraction
First author, country, year of publication, reference and definition of childbirth self-efficacy, measurement of childbirth self-efficacy, sample recruitment and retention, sample characteristics, study design, interventions (with experimental and quasi-experimental studies), and perinatal outcomes were extracted and summarized.
Data Synthesis
Of 619 publications, 23 studies published between 1983 and 2015 met inclusion criteria and were critiqued and synthesized in this review.
Conclusions
There is overall consistency in how childbirth self-efficacy is defined and measured among studies, facilitating comparison and synthesis. Our findings suggest that increased childbirth self-efficacy is associated with a wide variety of improved perinatal outcomes. Moreover, there is evidence that childbirth self-efficacy is a psychosocial factor that can be modified through various efficacy-enhancing interventions. Future researchers will be able to build knowledge in this area through: (a) utilization of experimental and quasi-experimental design; (b) recruitment and retention of more diverse samples; (c) explicit reporting of definitions of terms (e.g. ‘high risk’); (d) investigation of interventions that increase childbirth self-efficacy during pregnancy; and, (e) investigation regarding how childbirth self-efficacy enhancing interventions might lead to decreased active labor pain and suffering. Exploratory research should continue to examine the potential association between higher prenatal childbirth self-efficacy and improved early parenting outcomes.
“…Women with high self-efficacy report higher satisfaction with their own performance and with the support of midwives and physicians [23]. Higher levels of anxiety [24] and FOC [25,26] were associated with lower levels of efficacy expectancy in nulliparous women.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…In the present study we used two subscales (16+16 items) measuring outcome expectancy and efficacy expectancy for active labour only. The original CBSEI has shown high internal consistency reliability in several studies (0.85-0.96) [23,28,30,31]. A short form of the CBSEI (32 items) has shown sound validity and reliability for a Chinese sample [32].…”
Objective: To explore how childbirth self-efficacy, i.e. outcome expectancy and efficacy expectancy, was associated with fear of childbirth (FOC) and how efficacy expectancy and FOC respectively were related to socio-demographic characteristics, mental problems and preference for a caesarean section.
Methods:In this cross sectional study, a consecutive sample of 1000 pregnant nulliparous women was sent the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire and Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory. Statistical analyses were performed on data from 423 women.Results: Outcome expectancy and efficacy expectancy correlated significantly and positively, FOC correlated significantly and negatively with both outcome expectancy and efficacy expectancy. Women with severe FOC (20.8 %) had a significantly lower level of education (p= 0.001), and had more often sought help because of mental problems (p= 0.004). They were more likely to have low efficacy expectancy (p<0.001) and to prefer a caesarean section instead of a vaginal birth (p<0.001).Conclusions: Lower efficacy expectancy was associated with higher FOC while preference for a caesarean section was not. Improvement of self-efficacy could be a part of care for women with FOC during pregnancy; however, it would not be enough for fearful women who wish to have a caesarean section.
“…Since its development, Outcome Expectancy (OE) and Efficacy Expectancy (EE) have been evaluated by CBSEI in many studies. With a reasonable level of validity and reliability (2, 3, 5-9), the original CBSEI included 62 items, loading in a four factor structure and two repetitive sets of items (10). …”
Background:To assess maternal confidence in her ability to cope with labor, a measure of childbirth self efficacy is necessary.Objectives:This paper aims to assess the cultural adaptation and psychometric testing of the short form of childbirth self-efficacy Inventory among Iranian pregnant women.Patients and Methods:In this descriptive-methodological study, we investigated 383 Iranian pregnant women in the third trimester. They were recruited from the outpatient prenatal care clinic of Taleghani Hospital and an urban health center from August to November 2011. Content validity was evaluated by a panel of specialists after adding two religious items. The women completed the inventory and the demographic characteristics questionnaire in an interview room. The internal consistency and construct validity were assessed by Cronbach’s alpha and by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, respectively. Known group analysis on gravity assessed the discriminant validity of the measure.Results:Content validity of the short form of the Iranian childbirth self-efficacy Inventory was confirmed. Factor analyses supported the conceptual two-factor structure of measure and hence supported its construct validity. The internal consistency was approved for the total scale and both subscales. The instrument differentiated prim gravid from multigravida women in the total scale and the efficacy expectancy subscale.Conclusions:Validity and reliability of the measure supports the use of the short form of the instrument as a clinical and research instrument in measuring childbirth self-efficacy among Iranian pregnant women.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.