Childbearing in radiology training and early career: Challenges, opportunities, and finding the best time for you

Bass, Rachel; Woodard, Stefanie; Colvin, Stephanie D.; Zarzour, Jessica G.; Porter, Kristin K.; Canon, Cheri L.

doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2022.03.015

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, with Black residents representing less than 4% of expectant residents, we suspect we were underpowered to detect a difference. Unlike other studies, we found no association between obstetric complications and burnout or thoughts of attrition. This difference may be attributable to our ability to survey a complete cohort (ie, minimization of selection bias) and to adjust for mistreatment, a known risk factor for poor well-being …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy and Parenthood Among US Surgical Residents

Li,

Janczewski,

Eng

et al. 2024

JAMA Surg

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ImportanceThe ability to pursue family planning goals is integral to gender equity in any field. Procedural specialties pose occupational risks to pregnancy. As the largest procedural specialty, general surgery provides an opportunity to understand family planning, workplace support for parenthood, obstetric outcomes, and the impact of these factors on workforce well-being, gender equity, and attrition.ObjectiveTo examine pregnancy and parenthood experiences, including mistreatment and obstetric outcomes, among a cohort of US general surgical residents.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study involved a cross-sectional national survey of general surgery residents in all programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education after the 2021 American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination. Female respondents who reported a pregnancy and male respondents whose partners were pregnant during clinical training were queried about pregnancy- and parenthood-based mistreatment, obstetric outcomes, and current well-being (burnout, thoughts of attrition, suicidality).Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes included obstetric complications and postpartum depression compared between female residents and partners of male residents. Secondary outcomes included perceptions about support for family planning, pregnancy, or parenthood; assisted reproductive technology use; pregnancy/parenthood-based mistreatment; neonatal complications; and well-being, compared between female and male residents.ResultsA total of 5692 residents from 325 US general surgery programs participated (81.2% response rate). Among them, 957 residents (16.8%) reported a pregnancy during clinical training (692/3097 [22.3%] male vs 265/2595 [10.2%] female; P &lt; .001). Compared with male residents, female residents more frequently delayed having children because of training (1201/2568 [46.8%] females vs 1006/3072 [32.7%] males; P &lt; .001) and experienced pregnancy/parenthood-based mistreatment (132 [58.1%] females vs 179 [30.5%] males; P &lt; .001). Compared with partners of male residents, female residents were more likely to experience obstetric complications (odds ratio [OR], 1.42; 95% CI, 1.04-1.96) and postpartum depression (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.11-2.40). Pregnancy/parenthood-based mistreatment was associated with increased burnout (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.48-2.78) and thoughts of attrition (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.61-3.88). Postpartum depression, whether in female residents or partners of male residents, was associated with resident burnout (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.27-2.92), thoughts of attrition (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.36-3.96), and suicidality (OR, 5.58; 95% CI, 2.59-11.99).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that pregnancy/parenthood-based mistreatment, obstetric complications, and postpartum depression were associated with female gender, likely driving gendered attrition. Systematic change is needed to protect maternal-fetal health and advance gender equity in procedural fields.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy and Parenthood Among US Surgical Residents

Li,

Janczewski,

Eng

et al. 2024

JAMA Surg

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“… 7 , 8 Many women also start families or have young children to raise soon after post-doctoral training. 9 Expectations to fulfill family and professional duties and assumptions about what leadership entails may hamper women’s professional advancement and diminish some women’s enthusiasm to pursue high levels of leadership. 10 , 11 As a result, many women’s first opportunities to explore whether they want to lead at a high level occur many years into their careers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inspiring and Preparing Our Future Leaders: Evaluating the Impact of the Early Career Women’s Leadership Program

Lee,

Tackett,

Skarupski

et al. 2024

JHL

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Purpose The number of women in high-level leadership in academic medicine remains disproportionately low. Early career programs may help increase women’s representation in leadership. We evaluated the Early Career Women’s Leadership Program (ECWLP). We hypothesized that participants would rate themselves as having increased confidence in their leadership potential, improved leadership skills, and greater alignment between their goals for well-being and leading after the program. We also explored the participants’ aspirations and confidence around pursuing high-level leadership before and after the program. Methods We surveyed women physicians and scientists before and after they participated in the 2023 ECWLP, consisting of 11 seminars over six months. We analyzed pre- and post-program data using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. We analyzed answers to open-ended questions with a content analysis approach. Results 47/51 (92%) participants responded, and 74% answered pre- and post-program questionnaires. Several metrics increased after the program, including women’s confidence in their ability to lead ( p <0.001), negotiate ( p< 0.001), articulate their career vision ( p< 0.001), reframe obstacles ( p< 0.001), challenge their assumptions ( p <0.001), and align their personal and professional values ( p= 0.002). Perceptions of conflict between aspiring to lead and having family responsibilities ( p= 0.003) and achieving physical well-being ( p= 0.002) decreased. Perceived barriers to advancement included not being part of influential networks, a lack of transparency in leadership, and a competitive and individualistic culture. In the qualitative analysis, women described balancing internal factors such as self-doubt with external factors like competing professional demands when considering leadership. Many believed that becoming a leader would be detrimental to their well-being. Beneficial ECWLP components included support for self-reflection, tactical planning to pursue leadership, and creating a safe environment. Conclusion The ECWLP improved women’s confidence and strategic plans to pursue leadership in a way that supported their work-life integration. Early career leadership programs may encourage and prepare women for high-level leadership.

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