Child Weight Gain Trajectories Linked To Oral Microbiota Composition

Craig, Sarah Jane; Blankenberg, Daniel; Parodi, Alice; Paul, Ian M.; Birch, Leann L.; Savage, Jennifer S.; Marini, Michele; Stokes, Jennifer L.; Nekrutenko, Anton; Reimherr, Matthew; Chiaromonte, Francesca; Makova, Kateryna D.

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31866-9

Cited by 50 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…Our data show oral microbial communities to be distinct between lean and obese youth with no specific genera being differentially abundant (Fig. 4C), and we observed obese youth to have increased phylogenetic diversity, as opposed to decreasing overall diversity as previously reported 31 . We also found BMI metrics to have a positive correlation with both unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Gut and oral microbiota dysbiosis has been detected in obese adolescents and children 3,44,47 . Recently, young children with a high risk of childhood obesity have been associated with the loss of oral microbiota diversity over early growth with microbiota resembling obese adults by age two 31 . Our study only included youth at least 8 years of age, predominantly children 8-9 years old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also found BMI metrics to have a positive correlation with both unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances. www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ prevalent 31 . This increase in alpha diversity may continue into prepubescent childhood as we see increased diversity in our data, but further longitudinal studies between 2 and 8 years of age are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Craig et al (2018) describe an immediate loss of oral alpha diversity in young children over the first 10 months of growth, but diversity begins to increase again by 25 months as oral microbiota associated with obesity are more…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, a majority of oral microbiome studies have been performed using controlled cohorts. Therefore, data resembling the natural variation found in a general population is still lacking 4,[30][31][32] . Recently, the large-scale American Gut Project demonstrated the power of crowdsourced microbiome data for uncovering novel population-level microbiome trends 33 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Patterns of Oral Microbiota Diversity in Adults and Children: A Crowdsourced Population Study

Burcham

Garneau

Comstock

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

102

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Genetics of taste Lab citizen Scientists † oral microbiome dysbiosis has been associated with various local and systemic human diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Bacterial composition may be affected by age, oral health, diet, and geography, although information about the natural variation found in the general public is still lacking. in this study, citizen-scientists used a crowdsourcing model to obtain oral bacterial composition data from guests at the Denver Museum of nature & Science to determine if previously suspected oral microbiome associations with an individual's demographics, lifestyle, and/or genetics are robust and generalizable enough to be detected within a general population. consistent with past research, we found bacterial composition to be more diverse in youth microbiomes when compared to adults. Adult oral microbiomes were predominantly impacted by oral health habits, while youth microbiomes were impacted by biological sex and weight status. the oral pathogen Treponema was detected more commonly in adults without recent dentist visits and in obese youth. Additionally, oral microbiomes from participants of the same family were more similar to each other than to oral microbiomes from non-related individuals. these results suggest that previously reported oral microbiome associations are observable in a human population containing the natural variation commonly found in the general public. furthermore, these results support the use of crowdsourced data as a valid methodology to obtain community-based microbiome data. Oral microbiome dysbiosis has been associated with various local and systemic human diseases including dental caries, periodontal disease, obesity, and cardiovascular disease 1-5. Proper oral health care habits can help reduce abundance of taxa associated with pathogenic states. For example, flossing has been associated with decreased concentrations of the dental pathogen Streptococcus mutans 6 , and brushing of the teeth and tongue significantly decreases microbes associated with dental diseases 7,8. It is estimated that over 600 bacteria species are commonly associated with the oral microbiome, with a subset of these proposed to be part of a consortium called the "core oral microbiome" 9-11. Genera often considered associated with the core microbiome include Streptococcus, Veillonella, Neisseria, and Actinomyces, which are shared by most healthy individuals 12,13. Maintaining the balance of core healthy bacteria in the oral microbiota plays a critical role not only in oral health but in overall health. Oral microbiome composition is suspected to be affected by additional variables including host genetics 14,15 , geography 4,16 , diet 17,18 , age 19-21 , and cohabitation 22-24. For example, comparative studies between European, African, Asian, and American populations discovered microbial variation between populations, and other studies describe ethnicity-specific clustering within the United States 15,25,26. The effect of diet...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of Oral Microbiota Diversity in Adults and Children: A Crowdsourced Population Study

Burcham

Garneau

Comstock

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

102

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Presence of non-oral bacteria in the oral cavity

Zaatout

2021

Arch Microbiol

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A homeostatic balance exists between the resident microbiota in the oral cavity and the host. Perturbations of the oral microbiota under particular conditions can contribute to the growth of non-oral pathogens that are hard to kill because of their higher resistance to antimicrobials, raising the probability of treatment failure and reinfection. The presence of these bacteria in the oral cavity has been proven to be associated with several oral diseases such as periodontitis, caries, and gingivitis, and systemic diseases of importance in clinical medicine such as cystic fibrosis, HIV, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, it is still controversial whether these species are merely transient members or unique to the oral cavity. Mutualistic and antagonistic interactions between the oral microbiota and non-oral pathogens can also occur, though the mechanisms used by these bacteria are not clear. Therefore, this review presents an overview of the current knowledge about the presence of non-oral bacteria in the oral cavity, their relationship with systemic and oral diseases, and their interactions with oral bacteria. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00203-021-02300-y.

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Burden of oral diseases predicts development of excess weight in early adolescence: a 2-year longitudinal study

Lommi,

Leinonen,

Pussinen

et al. 2024

Eur J Pediatr

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Dental caries, gingivitis, and excess weight are highly prevalent, interconnected chronic conditions. The association of oral health with the development of adiposity among children is sparsely addressed. We examined the association of oral health to the development of excess weight and central obesity in early adolescence during a 2-year follow-up period. This prospective study was conducted with 2702 children aged 9–12 years at baseline from the Finnish Health in Teens study. Their weight development was followed up for 2 years. Body mass index with age- and sex-specific cut-offs and the waist–height ratio indicated weight status and central obesity. Oral health data (caries experience and gingivitis/calculus) were collected from outpatient records of public dental services. Having both caries experience and gingivitis/calculus was considered burden of oral diseases. Of the sample, 74% were caries-free but 70% exhibited gingivitis and/or calculus, and 20% had both caries experience and gingivitis/calculus. During the follow-up period, 5.3% (n = 124) and 4.7% (n = 118) of the children became overweight/obese or centrally obese, respectively. Having both caries experience and gingivitis/calculus associated with the development of excess weight in a fully adjusted model (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.03–2.97) but not of central obesity. Caries experience or gingivitis/calculus alone did not associate with adiposity development.Conclusion: Having burden of oral diseases without excess weight at early adolescence could imply future weight gain; thus, normal-weight individuals with both caries experience and gingivitis/calculus could be targeted with preventive measures. Our findings warrant further research to explore whether oral diseases and the development of obesity merely share risk factors or if their relationship is of causal nature. What is Known:• Association of excess weight with caries experience and gingivitis is known to exist both cross-sectionally and longitudinally in children and adolescents. What is New:• Burden of oral diseases, that is, having both caries experience and gingivitis/calculus, was associated with becoming overweight or obese 2 years later during early adolescence.• Normal-weight individuals with burden of oral diseases at early adolescence could be targeted with preventive measures against excess weight gain.

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Child Weight Gain Trajectories Linked To Oral Microbiota Composition

Cited by 50 publications

References 86 publications

Patterns of Oral Microbiota Diversity in Adults and Children: A Crowdsourced Population Study

Patterns of Oral Microbiota Diversity in Adults and Children: A Crowdsourced Population Study

Presence of non-oral bacteria in the oral cavity

Burden of oral diseases predicts development of excess weight in early adolescence: a 2-year longitudinal study

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