Child Sexual Abuse and Adult Sexual Assault among Emerging Adults: Exploring the Roles of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Emotion Regulation, and Anger

Walker, Hannah E; Wamser‐Nanney, Rachel; Howell, Kathryn H.

doi:10.1080/10538712.2021.1890295

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Given that PTSS was linked with each of the six ER dimensions, additional exploration of the specific DSM-5 PTSD symptom clusters may also be useful for improving our understanding of the relations between maltreatment and adult victimization. Moreover, focused investigation of specific types of emotion dysregulation (e.g., anger, sadness) may provide novel insights, as it is possible that distinct emotions, such as anger (Walker et al, 2021), may be associated with different outcomes (e.g., PTSS). Furthermore, research is warranted across various samples (e.g., community-based clinics, foster care survivors, justice-involved populations), as much of the extant work has utilized college students, and there is an absence of research focused on individuals in higher-risk settings who may have had fewer resources and opportunities for adaptive outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trauma exposure was operationalized using an age cutoff of 16 years to determine what events were categorized as child maltreatment and what were defined as adult victimization, in line with the LSC-R. Although this cutoff has been used in previous research (Papalia et al, 2021;Walker et al, 2019Walker et al, , 2021, it does not capture the possibility of continuous trauma exposure across both time points. It is also noteworthy that the LSC-R only includes adult age cutoffs for ASA and IPV, and therefore, other forms of adult interpersonal trauma were not examined.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, one meta-analysis highlighted that nearly half of CSA survivors are sexually victimized in adulthood (47.9%; Walker et al, 2019). Potential risk factors for adult victimization, including PTSS and emotion dysregulation, may partially explain the relationship between CSA and ASA (Messman-Moore et al, 2010, 2013; Ullman et al, 2013; Walker et al, 2021; Walsh et al, 2012). However, non-sexual maltreatment exposure (e.g., CPA, neglect) has also been tied to adult victimization, including both ASA and IPV (Hughes et al, 2017; Stroem et al, 2019; Widom et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Role of Dimensions of Emotion Dysregulation Following Exposure to Maltreatment and Adult Victimization

Walker

Thomsen

Jamison

et al. 2022

J Interpers Violence

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Child maltreatment is related to a host of negative consequences, including difficulties with emotion regulation (ER), posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and greater risk for revictimization. Yet, the literature has largely focused on sexual revictimization, while relations between maltreatment and other adult victimization types (e.g., intimate partner violence [IPV]) are less clear. Further, associations between emotion dysregulation and both child and adult trauma exposure have been identified, but aspects of dysregulation (i.e., nonacceptance of emotional responses, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior, impulsivity, lack of emotional awareness, limited access to ER strategies, and lack of emotional clarity) have received less attention. This study aimed to: (1) investigate the associations between maltreatment and adult victimization and the six ER dimensions while accounting for PTSS, and (2) determine whether there are indirect effects between maltreatment and adult victimization through each ER component. Seven hundred and forty-four undergraduates from two universities participated in the study ( Mage = 21.48, SD = 4.12; 80.9% women; 56.2% white). Maltreatment and PTSS were directly linked with adult victimization ( B = 0.14, B = 0.01, respectively). PTSS was inversely associated with each ER aspect ( Bs = 0.02–0.10). Unexpectedly, neither maltreatment nor adult victimization was related to the ER dimensions, and no indirect effects were observed between maltreatment and adult victimization through emotion dysregulation. These findings suggest that specific components of emotion dysregulation may not be tied to trauma exposure outside of PTSS. Further, it may be that the ER dimensions are not differentially related to increased risk for adult victimization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Dimensions of Emotion Dysregulation Following Exposure to Maltreatment and Adult Victimization

Walker

Thomsen

Jamison

et al. 2022

J Interpers Violence

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“…Sexual assault victimization has been linked to ER difficulties and increased heavy drinking (Lindgren et al, 2012; Ross et al, 2011; Walsh et al, 2012). Individuals with histories of sexual assault victimization may exhibit intense emotional reactions and have difficulty managing emotional arousal (Charak et al, 2018; Marx et al, 2005; Walker et al, 2021). Moreover, individuals with less access to adaptive ER strategies may consume alcohol to self-medicate distress which tends to lead to increased heavy drinking over time (Khantzian, 2003).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary efficacy of a web-based alcohol and emotion regulation intervention on intimate partner aggression among college women.

Stappenbeck¹,

Hammett²,

Gulati³

et al. 2023

Psychology of Violence

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Objective: Intimate partner aggression (IPA), encompassing psychological and physical aggression, is a public health concern due to its high rates among young adults. Research and theory connect heavy drinking and emotion regulation (ER) difficulties to IPA and highlight their potential role in reducing IPA. A webbased intervention combining alcohol reduction strategies with ER skills demonstrated initial efficacy at reducing heavy drinking and improving ER abilities among college women with sexual assault victimization histories. The present study represents a secondary analysis of this brief web-based intervention to evaluate its preliminary efficacy on IPA. Method: The sample comprised 200 heavy drinking college women with histories of sexual assault victimization randomized to an assessment only control or the intervention consisting of 14 brief online alcohol reduction and ER skill building modules administered daily over a 2-week period. The analytic sample included 103 women who reported their psychological and physical IPA at both the 1-and 6-month follow-up surveys. Results: After controlling for alcohol use, repeated measures mixed models examining changes from baseline to 6-month follow-up by condition revealed a significant time-by-intervention interaction effect on psychological IPA. Women who received the intervention had a significant decrease in psychological IPA from baseline to 6-month follow-up; there was no change in psychological IPA among women in the control condition. There was no significant effect of the intervention on physical IPA. Conclusion: Reducing alcohol use and improving ER skills may be beneficial in helping women cope with relational conflict, thereby decreasing their use of psychological IPA.

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“…PTSD-related anger mediates the CSA—adolescent problem drinking relationship in child welfare-involved youth ( 56 ). Anger may not be evident until social comparison and conceptualizations increase in adolescence ( 57 , 58 ). Self-harm and suicidality may be, in part, the failure of the meta-cognitive, reflecting functioning, where the adolescent self is understood as having capacity for protective anger and self-care ( 59 ).…”

Section: Csa and Suicidalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Sexual Abuse Victimization: Focus on Self-Compassion

2022

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Child Sexual Abuse and Adult Sexual Assault among Emerging Adults: Exploring the Roles of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Emotion Regulation, and Anger

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

The Role of Dimensions of Emotion Dysregulation Following Exposure to Maltreatment and Adult Victimization

The Role of Dimensions of Emotion Dysregulation Following Exposure to Maltreatment and Adult Victimization

Preliminary efficacy of a web-based alcohol and emotion regulation intervention on intimate partner aggression among college women.

Child Sexual Abuse Victimization: Focus on Self-Compassion

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