Child Migration and Transnationalized Violence in Central and North America

Swanson, Kate; Torres, Rebecca María

doi:10.1353/lag.2016.0029

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A major focus of this scholarship is the development potential and transformative nature of these journeys (Acosta et al., ; Grammage, ), which provide remittances used to build homes (López, ; Moran‐Taylor & Taylor, ), enable the purchase of agricultural land (Davis & López‐Carr, ; de Haas, ; VanWey, ), and provide for education and healthcare (Davis & Brazil, ) and general well‐being (Jonas & Rodríguez, ). Newer research has placed particular emphasis on the forced migration of children from Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala, and on the risk and violence experienced on journeys to the north (Schmidt & Buechler, ; Swanson & Torres, ). This literature promotes an understanding of Central American migration as flight, but Nicaragua is largely absent from the conversation as it does not experience the levels of violence mixed with poverty that are driving out‐migration in neighbouring countries (Cruz, )…”

Section: Bringing South–south Migration To the Fore In Central Americmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsistence migration: Smallholder food security and the maintenance of agriculture through mobility in Nicaragua

Carte

Radel

Schmook

2018

Geographical Journal

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Research on Central American migration has revealed the importance of journeys to the global North for rural sending communities. The outcomes of south–south journeys to nearby countries are less explored, although they are commonplace. We examine Nicaraguan rural residents’ migration to other Central American countries, especially El Salvador, to understand this migration's impacts on agricultural systems and food security. Based on mixed‐methods fieldwork in north‐western Nicaragua, we find that rather than produce remittance landscapes, or an abandonment of agriculture, south–south migration is linked to the maintenance of small‐scale agricultural systems and thus food production. “Subsistence migration,” or mobility to maintain small‐scale agriculture as a food security strategy, draws attention to how these less explored forms of migration in Central America help families to persist in agriculture in a context of worsening environmental and structural conditions.

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Section: Bringing South–south Migration To the Fore In Central Americmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsistence migration: Smallholder food security and the maintenance of agriculture through mobility in Nicaragua

Carte

Radel

Schmook

2018

Geographical Journal

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“…But, as the World Bank notes, economic disparities between the two countries play an outsize role in migration decisions. Despite the well-documented risks to safety and wellbeing that most Salvadoran migrants face during their arduous journeys to the US (Ramirez, 2017; Schmidt and Buechler, 2017; Swanson and Torres, 2016), a lack of viable economic opportunities at home encourages many to reluctantly accept these risks while hoping for the best (Ramos et al., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deportations and development: Responding to El Salvador’s new migration crisis

Theodore

2020

Local Economy

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For decades El Salvador has been reliant on migration, mainly to the US, to provide remittances and an outlet for widespread underemployment. The deportation of tens of thousands of migrants annually by the United States, however, threatens to exacerbate problems of joblessness, poverty, and informality in local economies, calling into question the suitability of prevailing economic development strategies. This study proposes an alternative approach—labor force-based development—that was initially proposed to assist US cities confronting widespread job losses following deindustrialization. Through a survey of 198 Salvadorans who were apprehended by US immigration authorities and deported, this article documents deportees’ employment experiences in El Salvador and the US, tenure in their primary occupation, education and training obtained, and the localities to which they will return. It also provides recommendations for improving the employment outcomes of deportees. Given that a substantial proportion of deportees have worked in the construction industry, opportunities exist for designing workforce development programs that meet the needs of jobseekers as well as local communities facing housing shortages.

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“…In some geographic contexts one's gender, race, language, or nationality may be an asset leading to job opportunities, while in others these identity markers may marginalize one from accessing resources. Additionally, age has become a focus of analysis, particularly the politicized vulnerability of children, such as unaccompanied minors and the geopolitics of care work (Swanson and Torres, 2016). Micro and intimate scales of migration and vulnerability are further examined through analyses of transnational refugee processing centers that pathologize mental health experiences by way of bureaucratic processes that determine whether or not one is worthy of resettlement (Loyd et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%