Child Labor in the Soft Coal Mines

Lovejoy, Owen R.

doi:10.1177/000271620702900104

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…In many cases, mine supervisors did not ask for a certificate stating the age of the child, particularly if they felt sorry for the family. 57 Reformers recounted numerous horrifying stories that showcased the impact of labor on small children. When children under age 16 worked in the mines, one study found that they were three times more likely to die than were adults.…”

Section: Early 20th Century Reform Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some employers relied heavily on children, others in close proximity to the children-employing mills did not. 67 One study of Alabama mills found that those whose owners lived in northern states employed twice the number of children as did the other mills in Alabama. 68 Some businesses found it beneficial to eliminate child laborers altogether.…”

Section: Early 20th Century Reform Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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History of child labor in the United States—part 2: the reform movement

Schuman¹

2017

MLR

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I am glad to see there is going to be a meeting here for child labor. I am really tired of seeing so many big children ten years old playing in the streets.1 -Prominent lady citizen Don't take these boys away from us! We have just bought these uniforms, and they were made to order. - Shopkeeper in Cleveland, OhioThere is a street in Lawrence, MA, named Camella Teoli Way. To know the story of how that street came to be named is to know the story of a struggle. law, the maximum working hours in the mill were reduced from 56 to 54 per week for women and children. 6 Mill owners sped up the machines in order to make up for the shorter workweek. 7 In protest over the faster rate of production and the commensurate reduction in pay, mill workers-adults and children-walked out on strike.Violence between strikers, replacement workers, police, and soldiers grew as the strike, which became known as the Lawrence Textile Strike, went on. To create publicity for their cause and to ensure the safety of their children, many strikers sent their children out of town. While the children were accepted with open arms in cities like New York, embarrassed Lawrence officials demanded parents keep their children in Lawrence. When the next group of children prepared to depart the train station, they were met by police and soldiers. The police refused to let them board the trains and launched an attack on the group. A 7-year-old was given a black eye when she was picked up and thrown into a paddy wagon by police. Another witness testified to children being thrown around like rags. Citizens across the country were horrified by the events. 8As a result of the outcry over the confrontation in Lawrence, a federal investigation into the strike began at once.A delegation of adult and child strikers was sent to Washington, DC. President Taft asked to see the children.The strikers testified before a House of Representatives committee looking into the events. 9 While the testimony focused on the origins of the strike and subsequent violence, the most lasting impression was made by CamellaTeoli.Teoli explained to the committee that over a year earlier, a man came up to the house and spoke to her father.She had been attending school and the man asked her father why she didn't work. Her father explained that he U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW 3 was unsure whether she was 13 or 14 years old. The man replied that for $4 he could get papers similar to those from the "old country" that said she was 14. Her father paid the $4 and she was sent off to work. 10 A mere 2 weeks into her time at the mill, however, things went terribly wrong. As she told the committee, one day, near the end of her shift, her hair became entangled in a machine and a portion of her scalp had been torn off. She spent 7 months in the hospital and was still undergoing medical treatment. Her father was arrested for falsifying her age. The mill, though, was likely clear from liability because Camella was illegally working as an underage minor. 11

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Section: Early 20th Century Reform Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Early 20th Century Reform Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%