“…As there are few studies specific to the factors associated with NAHI (Jayawant et al ., ; Kelly et al ., ; Ricci et al ., ; Ryan et al ., ), comparisons must also be made with general child abuse research. This shows that families in which abuse occurs are characterised by high rates of substance abuse, unemployment, forensic histories, mental illness and financial hardship (Cavanagh et al ., ; Delfabbro et al ., ; Dolan et al ., ; Nielssen et al ., ; Wilczynski, ).…”