Child-Friendly Cities and Districts As Human Rights Protection in Indonesia’s Decentralization Context

Abstract

This paper aims to examine the implementation of the Child Friendly Cities and Districts in Indonesia, as part of the decentralized agenda of current Indonesian reform. Child protection has become one of the current problematic issues. This protection includes the effort to guarantee and ensure the right to live, grow, develop, and participate fully in realizing each child's future. The Indonesian government introduces regional child protection, it is Child-Friendly Cities and Districts as a part of the critical address responding to the issue to the extent the government provide a serious protection for the infant generation. Historically, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) initiated this concept, whose purpose was to aspire to children's rights through the goals, programs, policies, and local governance structures. To date, there remain many regional governments that do not have regulations on child-friendly cities or districts. This paper considers Indonesia's regions experiencing in regulating and implementing the child-friendly cities and districts that have become a benchmark for the other regions. In the end, this paper concludes that each region must regulate and implement the child-friendly cities with regional characteristics into a series of regional regulations, particularly preceded by the regional regulation.
 KEYWORDS: Human Rights, Child Protection, Children Rights, Child-Friendly Cities.

Trend in Child Violence in Indonesia and Governance

“…Therefore needed effective collaboration to make an effort to implement policy with stakeholders for policy to run effectively, with existing policy the Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 and the Peraturan Menteri Aagama Nomor 73 Tahun 2022, collaboration Among Government with party related among them party schools, private, and community. From party government alone could see existing regulations issued by the Indonesian Minister of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, namely P3A Number 11 of 2011, concerning City/ District indicators Suitable for Children (Tanuwijaya and Nugroho 2020). This naturally aligned with the conditions of each Regency / City based on Constitution Number 35 of 2014 (Tanuwijaya and Nugroho 2020).…”

“…From party government alone could see existing regulations issued by the Indonesian Minister of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, namely P3A Number 11 of 2011, concerning City/ District indicators Suitable for Children (Tanuwijaya and Nugroho 2020). This naturally aligned with the conditions of each Regency / City based on Constitution Number 35 of 2014 (Tanuwijaya and Nugroho 2020).…”

“…Cluster 4 focuses on emerging terms, i.e., conflict, initiative, response, Support, and threat indicating that the focus study is related to Support, response, and initiatives provided in resolving conflict and a threat of emergency violence to the child. For example, relevant articles are referenced in this study (Tanuwijaya and Nugroho 2020). As a base autonomy area, decentralization pushes the realization of the City and Regency Suitable for Children in Indonesia.…”

Spatial Mobility of Children Going to School in the Archipelago of Indonesia: A Review

“…A collaboration between the central government and local governments, schools, and communities is required to facilitate child-friendly school policies (Hidayatullah, 2018). Each region must regulate and implement child-friendly cities with regional characteristics into regional regulations preceded by provincial regional regulations (Tanuwijaya & Nugroho, 2020). In addition, understanding information technology needs to be applied in schools because it can minimize cyberbullying and violence in education, especially technology in general (Arifin et al, 2019).…”

GIS-based intelligent planning approach of child-friendly pedestrian pathway to promote a child-friendly city

“…Children’s unique requirements are frequently disregarded in the setting of fast urban growth and high-rise constructions, which leaves a shortage of basic amenities and open spaces 6 . Smaller families and changing demographics underscore the need for adaptive infrastructure prioritizing children’s needs 7 .…”