Child-Feeding and Appetite: What Can Programmes Do?

Bentley, Margaret E.; Black, Maureen M.; Hurtado, Elena

doi:10.1177/156482659501600408

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Second, we did not observe all children during the same meal. Children reject bites for a variety of reasons, including chronic anorexia, illness, undernutrition, the monotony of liquids and foods caregivers offer, how foods and liquids are presented, and caregiver feeding styles (35). This study focused on 4 determinants of child acceptance of food.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregiver Verbal Encouragement Increases Food Acceptance among Vietnamese Toddlers

Dearden

Hilton

Bentley

et al. 2009

The Journal of Nutrition

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Responsive feeding, defined as the positive environment and caregiving behaviors that encourage children to eat, is critical to their physical, mental, and social development. However, research and programs designed to foster responsive feeding have been limited. This research tested the hypothesis that caregiver encouragement, caregiver and child behaviors, and other feeding characteristics were associated with acceptance of food. A total of 91 mother/child pairs in rural, northern Vietnam were videotaped during 2 2-h feeding episodes. Children were 12 and 17 mo of age at the time of study. Caregiver and child behaviors were coded at the level of the "intended bite" (7135 bites total). Feeding episodes were marked by few physical actions and minimal verbal encouragement by caregivers. Results from generalized linear mixed models suggest that when caregivers provided children with positive comments, children were 2.4 times as likely to accept bites compared with when no comments were given. Twelve-mo-olds who were in the caregiver's arms [odds ratio (OR) = 0.5] or lap (OR = 0.5) were significantly less likely than those who stood to accept bites. The 17-mo-olds who played were less likely than those with no physical action to accept bites. Play appeared to distract boys more than girls. In Vietnam, programs should help caregivers provide positive verbal encouragement to eat. Program planners and implementers may want to encourage caregivers to avoid force feeding and other forms of physical pressure. Further, mealtime should be seen as an opportunity to develop long-term feeding skills and encourage a healthy appetite.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregiver Verbal Encouragement Increases Food Acceptance among Vietnamese Toddlers

Dearden

Hilton

Bentley

et al. 2009

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…1993). As a result, LNS may be preferred over complementary foods because it is a new food that breaks the tedium that can negatively influence child's appetite (Bentley et al . 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it is known that Malawian children have a monotonous diet as compared to children in other African countries (Ferguson et al 1993). As a result, LNS may be preferred over complementary foods because it is a new food that breaks the tedium that can negatively influence child's appetite (Bentley et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responsive feeding and child interest in food vary when rural Malawian children are fed lipid‐based nutrient supplements or local complementary food

Flax

Mäkinen

Cheung

et al. 2011

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Caregiver and child behaviours during feeding have been used to measure responsiveness, which has been recognised as important for child growth and development. The aims of this study were to understand how caregiver and child behaviours differ when feeding lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) vs. local complementary food and to detect associations between behaviours and child interest in food. Sixteen moderately underweight 6-17-month-old Malawian children receiving 50 g/day of supplementary LNS for 12 weeks were videotaped during LNS (n = 32) and local complementary feeding (n = 28) episodes. Behaviours were coded at the level of the intended bite (1674 total bites). The analysis used regression models adjusted for within-subject correlation. Caregivers were less likely to allow children to self-feed and more likely to use physical pressure during LNS vs. complementary food bites. Positive caregiver verbalization was infrequent and did not differ by type of food. Higher odds of accepting a bite were associated with the bite containing LNS, odds ratio (OR) 3.05; 90% confidence interval (CI) (1.98, 4.71), the child self-feeding, OR 5.70; 90% CI (2.77, 11.69), and positive caregiver verbalization, OR 2.46; 90% CI (1.26, 4.80), while lower odds of acceptance were associated with negative child verbalization during feeding, OR 0.27; 90% CI (0.17, 0.42). In this sample, caregivers used more responsive feeding practices during bites of local complementary food and were more controlling when feeding LNS. Responsive caregiver behaviours predicted child acceptance of food. These results could be used to design interventions in Malawi to improve responsive feeding practices in general and during LNS use.

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“…Combined with traditional beliefs and a lack of appropriate knowledge regarding IYCF practices, a perceived or real lack of appetite has negative influences on appropriate complementary feeding (Paintal & Aguayo, ). Although child age, peer group, feeding styles, beliefs, and food diversity are known to influence children's appetite (Bentley, Black, & Hurtado, ), we lack a solid understanding of how mothers understand appetite cues, and whether and how they recognize changes in children's appetite in relation to overall health or illness. Children in resource‐limited settings often suffer frequent infections (Liu et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although child age, peer group, feeding styles, beliefs, and food diversity are known to influence children's appetite (Bentley, Black, & Hurtado, 1995), we lack a solid understanding of how mothers understand appetite cues, and whether and how they recognize changes in children's appetite in relation to overall health or illness.…”

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confidence: 99%

“Those who care much, understand much.” Maternal perceptions of children's appetite: Perspectives from urban and rural caregivers of diverse parenting experience in Bangladesh

Naila

Nahar

Lazarus

et al. 2017

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Appetite in children is an important determinant of nutritional intake and growth. The information used by caregivers to understand children's appetite can help inform infant and young child feeding promotion and appetite assessment. We conducted a qualitative study to (a) explore maternal perceptions and responses to children's appetite and (b) to identify how these factors differ by type of caregiver, level of maternal experience, and urban versus rural context. We used purposive sampling to recruit mothers and alternate caregivers into 14 total focus group discussions (six to eight participants in each group; N = 95) in both urban and rural settings in Bangladesh. To understand children's appetite, caregivers monitor children's dietary patterns, emotional signs, and physical and verbal cues. Healthy appetite was observed by willingness to eat diverse foods, finish offered portions, and by acceptance of foods without excessive prompting. Child illness was cited for a cause of low appetite, which was manifested through fussiness, and avoiding commonly consumed foods. Mothers described a limited set of feeding practices (offering diverse foods, playing, and cheering children with videos) to encourage consumption when children lacked appetite. Mothers' stress related to work was noted as a barrier to identifying appetite cues. Urban mothers described a lower access to instrumental social support for child feeding but informational support than mothers in the rural setting. Understanding caregivers' perceptions of children's appetite may inform strategies to improve responsive feeding and tool development to assess changes in appetite as early indicators of change in health or nutrition status among high-risk children.

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Child-Feeding and Appetite: What Can Programmes Do?

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Caregiver Verbal Encouragement Increases Food Acceptance among Vietnamese Toddlers

Caregiver Verbal Encouragement Increases Food Acceptance among Vietnamese Toddlers

Responsive feeding and child interest in food vary when rural Malawian children are fed lipid‐based nutrient supplements or local complementary food

“Those who care much, understand much.” Maternal perceptions of children's appetite: Perspectives from urban and rural caregivers of diverse parenting experience in Bangladesh

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