Child Executive Control as a Moderator of the Longitudinal Association Between Sleep Problems and Subsequent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms

Kidwell, Katherine M.; Hankey, Maren; Espy, Kimberly Andrews; Nelson, Timothy D.

doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsx071

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, our findings corroborate the neuropsychological-biology theory of the prominent role of sleep, especially sleep deprivation as a predisposing factor to ADHD, probably through executive function deficits (for a review see references 3,4,11,78,79 ). Considering that sleep disturbances in children worsen executive functions, and this is an important characteristic of ADHD patients, we hypothesize that sleep problems may cause biochemical imbalances in executive function, and therefore predispose the individual to ADHD 11,66,69,79,80 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep-related traits and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbidity: Shared genetic risk factors, molecular mechanisms, and causal effects

Carpena

Bonilla

Matijasevich

et al. 2021

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep-related traits and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbidity: Shared genetic risk factors, molecular mechanisms, and causal effects

Carpena

Bonilla

Matijasevich

et al. 2021

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

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“…Similarly, in a sample enriched for children with ADHD, slower response inhibition increased the negative effects of low social preference and high relational aggression in childhood on future exposure to intimate partner violence, compared to faster response inhibition 35 . Another recent study found that slow response inhibition exacerbated the effect of sleep problem on hyperactivity symptoms in a longitudinal sample of children, compared to faster response inhibition 36 . As neuropsychological endophenotypes like response inhibition are also quite heritable 37 , it stands to reason that genetic factors underlying response inhibition may also help to shed light on how environmental influences can impact the expression of downstream consequences of poor response inhibition, which not only include ADHD, but also substance abuse 38 , bipolar disorder 39 , and autism spectrum disorder 40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Do Low Polygenic Scores Buffer the Effects of Maltreatment? A Polygene-Environment Interaction Study of ADHD

He¹,

Li²

2021

Preprint

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Objective: This study explored whether maltreatment moderates the association of polygenic risk for ADHD. Because individuals with low polygenic scores (PGS) for ADHD were previously shown to have better than expected functional outcomes (i.e., cognitive, mental health, social-emotional) than individuals with middle or high ADHD PGS, we hypothesized that low ADHD PGS may possible confer a protective effect against maltreatment in the development of ADHD. Method: Data were from participants with phenotypic and genotypic data in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; n=4,722), which was used to examine the effects of ADHD PGS, maltreatment, and their interaction on childhood ADHD symptoms. ADHD PGS were generated from the most recent genome-wide association study on ADHD and categorized into three groups (i.e., low, medium, high) using empirically determined cut-points. A maltreatment factor score was derived from five forms of self-reported maltreatment experiences prior to age 18. Results: ADHD PGS and maltreatment were positively associated with ADHD symptoms, as expected. However, we did not detect an interaction between ADHD PGS and maltreatment on ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: Despite the increase in predictive power afforded by PGS, the lack of an interaction between ADHD PGS and maltreatment on ADHD symptoms converges with an emerging body of psychiatric PGS studies that have also failed to detect polygenic-environment interplay on psychiatric outcomes. We discuss possible reasons for this pattern of results and offer alternative methods for future research in revealing important polygenic-environment interactions for ADHD.

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“…Most studies used the parent report Child Behaviour Checklist as measurement of behavioural problems. Several studies have shown that sleep problems are related to the later development of ADHD symptoms [3,[8][9][10]. Studies using diagnostic ADHD show both an increase in ADHD related to early severe sleeping problems [11,12], while other fail to replicate this [13,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Longitudinal studies have shown that early regulatory problems are associated with later emotional and behavioural problems [2,3], a relationship also found when the regulatory problems are early sleep problems [4][5][6][7]. Sleep problems also seem to be related to the later development of ADHD symptoms [3,[8][9][10]. Studies using diagnoses of ADHD as outcome are Clinical significance The paper is clinically important in highlighting the relationship between early sleep problems and later diagnosis of ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Prescribed Hypnotics in Infants and Toddlers and Later ADHD: A Large Cohort Study from Norway

Holdø

Bramness

Handal

et al. 2020

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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As previously indicated an association may exist between early sleep problems in infants and toddlers, and a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study was to study if this association could be replicated in a complete nationwide cohort of children. Prospective cohort study using national registries. All children born in Norway from January 2004 to December 2010 were included (N = 410,555). Information on hypnotic drugs dispensed to children 0-3 years of age outside of institutions was collected from the Norwegian Prescription Database and used as a proxy for sleep problems. The outcome ADHD (ICD-10), as diagnosed by specialists in the Child Mental Health Service, was obtained from the Norwegian Patient Registry. Data were analysed using weighted estimation in Cox regression. The unadjusted weighted hazard ratio (wHR) for a later diagnosis of ADHD in children dispensed two or more prescriptions for any hypnotic drug, compared to zero prescriptions, was 2.30 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.63-3.23] for girls and 1.75 (95% CI 1.48-2.07) for boys. For the sedative antihistamine trimeprazine the corresponding wHR was 3.71 (95% CI 1.83-7.52) for girls and 2.78 (95% CI 2.04-3.80) for boys. After adjusting for parental ADHD and parental education the wHR for trimeprazine users was 2.81 (95% CI 1.34-5.88) for girls and 2.33 (95% CI 1.70-3.20) for boys. Infants and toddlers who were dispensed hypnotics had an increased risk of ADHD at school age. This association was most pronounced with the use of trimeprazine, a drug traditionally prescribed to toddlers for sleep problems in Norway. After adjusting for parental ADHD and educational level the risk for ADHD among the trimeprazine users was still more than twice the risk among controls.

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Child Executive Control as a Moderator of the Longitudinal Association Between Sleep Problems and Subsequent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms

Abstract: Sleep problems and EC deficits early in development were associated with increased risk for ADHD symptoms in elementary school. Early assessment and intervention to promote healthy sleep and EC development may be helpful in ADHD prevention.

Cited by 15 publications

References 58 publications

Sleep-related traits and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbidity: Shared genetic risk factors, molecular mechanisms, and causal effects

Sleep-related traits and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbidity: Shared genetic risk factors, molecular mechanisms, and causal effects

Do Low Polygenic Scores Buffer the Effects of Maltreatment? A Polygene-Environment Interaction Study of ADHD

Association Between Prescribed Hypnotics in Infants and Toddlers and Later ADHD: A Large Cohort Study from Norway

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